Recombinant Human Histones protein (His tag N-Terminus)
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Recombinant Human Histones protein (His tag N-Terminus) is a Human Full Length protein, in the 1 to 130 aa range, expressed in Escherichia coli, suitable for SDS-PAGE.
View Alternative Names
H2BFQ, HIST2H2BE, H2BC21, Histone H2B type 2-E, H2B-clustered histone 21, Histone H2B-GL105, Histone H2B.q, H2B/q, H2AW, HIST3H2A, H2AC25, Histone H2A type 3, H2A-clustered histone 25
- FuncS
Supplier Data
Functional Studies - Recombinant Human Histones protein (His tag N-Terminus) (AB216178)
ab216178 used as substrate for PARP1 enzyme activity.
Complementary Products
Reactivity data
Product details
Sequence info
Properties and storage information
Shipped at conditions
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
Storage information
Supplementary information
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Biological function summary
These proteins play an essential role in gene regulation. As part of a complex with DNA histones are involved in chromatin remodeling making them integral to controlling the accessibility of DNA for transcription and replication. Histone modifications such as acetylation and methylation serve as signals for the recruitment of protein complexes that modulate chromatin structure influencing gene expression patterns. These modifications on histone proteins are dynamic and reversible providing a flexible mechanism for regulating cellular functions in response to environmental cues.
Pathways
Histone modifications are critical to several cellular processes. These include the regulation of the cell cycle and the DNA damage repair pathway. In the cell cycle histone proteins undergo specific changes that influence chromatin structure facilitating progression through different phases. In the DNA repair process histone modifications help to signal and recruit repair proteins to sites of damage ensuring genomic stability. Interactions with proteins like DNA methyltransferases and acetyltransferases position histones as central players in these pathways linking chromatin dynamics to important cellular functions.
Specifications
Form
Liquid
General info
Function
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.. Has broad antibacterial activity. May contribute to the formation of the functional antimicrobial barrier of the colonic epithelium, and to the bactericidal activity of amniotic fluid.
Sequence similarities
Belongs to the histone H2B family.
Post-translational modifications
Monoubiquitination at Lys-35 (H2BK34Ub) by the MSL1/MSL2 dimer is required for histone H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) and 'Lys-79' (H3K79me) methylation and transcription activation at specific gene loci, such as HOXA9 and MEIS1 loci. Similarly, monoubiquitination at Lys-121 (H2BK120Ub) by the RNF20/40 complex gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for histone H3 'Lys-4' and 'Lys-79' methylation. It also functions cooperatively with the FACT dimer to stimulate elongation by RNA polymerase II. H2BK120Ub also acts as a regulator of mRNA splicing: deubiquitination by USP49 is required for efficient cotranscriptional splicing of a large set of exons.. Phosphorylation at Ser-37 (H2BS36ph) by AMPK in response to stress promotes transcription (By similarity). Phosphorylated on Ser-15 (H2BS14ph) by STK4/MST1 during apoptosis; which facilitates apoptotic chromatin condensation (PubMed:12757711). Also phosphorylated on Ser-15 in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), and in correlation with somatic hypermutation and immunoglobulin class-switch recombination.. GlcNAcylation at Ser-113 promotes monoubiquitination of Lys-121. It fluctuates in response to extracellular glucose, and associates with transcribed genes (By similarity).. ADP-ribosylated by PARP1 or PARP2 on Ser-7 (H2BS6ADPr) in response to DNA damage (PubMed:34874266). H2BS6ADPr promotes recruitment of CHD1L (PubMed:34874266). Mono-ADP-ribosylated on Glu-3 (H2BE2ADPr) by PARP3 in response to single-strand breaks (PubMed:27530147). Poly ADP-ribosylation on Glu-36 (H2BE35ADPr) by PARP1 regulates adipogenesis: it inhibits phosphorylation at Ser-37 (H2BS36ph), thereby blocking expression of pro-adipogenetic genes (By similarity).. Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes.. Lactylated in macrophages by EP300/P300 by using lactoyl-CoA directly derived from endogenous or exogenous lactate, leading to stimulates gene transcription.
Subcellular localisation
Nucleus
Target data
Additional targets
Product promise
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