Recombinant Human HLA Class II DRB1 protein (denatured) (His tag N-Terminus)

Specifications

Form

Liquid

General info

Function

A beta chain of antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecule. In complex with the alpha chain HLA-DRA, displays antigenic peptides on professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) for recognition by alpha-beta T cell receptor (TCR) on HLA-DRB1-restricted CD4-positive T cells. This guides antigen-specific T-helper effector functions, both antibody-mediated immune response and macrophage activation, to ultimately eliminate the infectious agents and transformed cells (PubMed : 15265931, PubMed : 16148104, PubMed : 22327072, PubMed : 27591323, PubMed : 29884618, PubMed : 31495665, PubMed : 8642306). Typically presents extracellular peptide antigens of 10 to 30 amino acids that arise from proteolysis of endocytosed antigens in lysosomes (PubMed : 8145819). In the tumor microenvironment, presents antigenic peptides that are primarily generated in tumor-resident APCs likely via phagocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells or macropinocytosis of secreted tumor proteins (PubMed : 31495665). Presents peptides derived from intracellular proteins that are trapped in autolysosomes after macroautophagy, a mechanism especially relevant for T cell selection in the thymus and central immune tolerance (PubMed : 17182262, PubMed : 23783831). The selection of the immunodominant epitopes follows two processing modes : 'bind first, cut/trim later' for pathogen-derived antigenic peptides and 'cut first, bind later' for autoantigens/self-peptides (PubMed : 25413013). The anchor residue at position 1 of the peptide N-terminus, usually a large hydrophobic residue, is essential for high affinity interaction with MHCII molecules (PubMed : 8145819).. Allele DRB1*01 : 01 : Displays an immunodominant epitope derived from Bacillus anthracis pagA/protective antigen, PA (KLPLYISNPNYKVNVYAVT), to both naive and PA-specific memory CD4-positive T cells (PubMed : 22327072). Presents immunodominant HIV-1 gag peptide (FRDYVDRFYKTLRAEQASQE) on infected dendritic cells for recognition by TRAV24-TRBV2 TCR on CD4-positive T cells and controls viral load (PubMed : 29884618). May present to T-helper 1 cells several HRV-16 epitopes derived from capsid proteins VP1 (PRFSLPFLSIASAYYMFYDG) and VP2 (PHQFINLRSNNSATLIVPYV), contributing to viral clearance (PubMed : 27591323). Displays commonly recognized peptides derived from IAV external protein HA (PKYVKQNTLKLAT and SNGNFIAPEYAYKIVK) and from internal proteins M, NP and PB1, with M-derived epitope (GLIYNRMGAVTTEV) being the most immunogenic (PubMed : 25413013, PubMed : 32668259, PubMed : 8145819, PubMed : 9075930). Presents a self-peptide derived from COL4A3 (GWISLWKGFSF) to TCR (TRAV14 biased) on CD4-positive, FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells and mediates immune tolerance to self (PubMed : 28467828). May present peptides derived from oncofetal trophoblast glycoprotein TPBG 5T4, known to be recognized by both T-helper 1 and regulatory T cells (PubMed : 31619516). Displays with low affinity a self-peptide derived from MBP (VHFFKNIVTPRTP) (PubMed : 9075930).. Allele DRB1*03 : 01 : May present to T-helper 1 cells an HRV-16 epitope derived from capsid protein VP2 (NEKQPSDDNWLNFDGTLLGN), contributing to viral clearance (PubMed : 27591323). Displays self-peptides derived from retinal SAG (NRERRGIALDGKIKHE) and thyroid TG (LSSVVVDPSIRHFDV) (PubMed : 25413013). Presents viral epitopes derived from HHV-6B gH/U48 and U85 antigens to polyfunctional CD4-positive T cells with cytotoxic activity implicated in control of HHV-6B infection (PubMed : 31020640). Presents several immunogenic epitopes derived from C. tetani neurotoxin tetX, playing a role in immune recognition and long-term protection (PubMed : 19830726).. Allele DRB1*04 : 01 : Presents an immunodominant bacterial epitope derived from M. tuberculosis esxB/culture filtrate antigen CFP-10 (EISTNIRQAGVQYSR), eliciting CD4-positive T cell effector functions such as IFNG production and cytotoxic activity (PubMed : 15265931). May present to T-helper 1 cells an HRV-16 epitope derived from capsid protein VP2 (NEKQPSDDNWLNFDGTLLGN), contributing to viral clearance (PubMed : 27591323). Presents tumor epitopes derived from melanoma-associated TYR antigen (QNILLSNAPLGPQFP and DYSYLQDSDPDSFQD), triggering CD4-positive T cell effector functions such as GMCSF production (PubMed : 8642306). Displays preferentially citrullinated self-peptides derived from VIM (GVYATR/citSSAVR and SAVRAR/citSSVPGVR) and ACAN (VVLLVATEGR/ CitVRVNSAYQDK) (PubMed : 24190431). Displays self-peptides derived from COL2A1 (PubMed : 9354468).. Allele DRB1*04 : 02 : Displays native or citrullinated self-peptides derived from VIM.. Allele DRB1*04 : 04 : May present to T-helper 1 cells several HRV-16 epitopes derived from capsid proteins VP1 (HIVMQYMYVPPGAPIPTTRN) and VP2 (RGDSTITSQDVANAVVGYGV), contributing to viral clearance (PubMed : 27591323). Displays preferentially citrullinated self-peptides derived from VIM (SAVRAR/citSSVPGVR) (PubMed : 24190431).. Allele DRB1*04 : 05 : May present to T-helper 1 cells an immunogenic epitope derived from tumor-associated antigen WT1 (KRYFKLSHLQMHSRKH), likely providing for effective antitumor immunity in a wide range of solid and hematological malignancies.. Allele DRB1*05 : 01 : Presents an immunodominant HIV-1 gag peptide (FRDYVDRFYKTLRAEQASQE) on infected dendritic cells for recognition by TRAV24-TRBV2 TCR on CD4-positive T cells and controls viral load.. Allele DRB1*07 : 01 : Upon EBV infection, presents latent antigen EBNA2 peptide (PRSPTVFYNIPPMPLPPSQL) to CD4-positive T cells, driving oligoclonal expansion and selection of a dominant virus-specific memory T cell subset with cytotoxic potential to directly eliminate virus-infected B cells (PubMed : 31308093). May present to T-helper 1 cells several HRV-16 epitopes derived from capsid proteins VP1 (PRFSLPFLSIASAYYMFYDG) and VP2 (VPYVNAVPMDSMVRHNNWSL), contributing to viral clearance (PubMed : 27591323). In the context of tumor immunesurveillance, may present to T-helper 1 cells an immunogenic epitope derived from tumor-associated antigen WT1 (MTEYKLVVVGAVGVGKSALTIQLI), likely providing for effective antitumor immunity in a wide range of solid and hematological malignancies (PubMed : 22929521). In metastatic epithelial tumors, presents to intratumoral CD4-positive T cells a KRAS neoantigen (MTEYKLVVVGAVGVGKSALTIQLI) carrying G12V hotspot driver mutation and may mediate tumor regression (PubMed : 30282837).. Allele DRB1*11 : 01 : Displays an immunodominant HIV-1 gag peptide (FRDYVDRFYKTLRAEQASQE) on infected dendritic cells for recognition by TRAV24-TRBV2 TCR on CD4-positive T cells and controls viral load (PubMed : 29884618). May present to T-helper 1 cells an HRV-16 epitope derived from capsid protein VP2 (SDRIIQITRGDSTITSQDVA), contributing to viral clearance (PubMed : 27591323). Presents several immunogenic epitopes derived from C. tetani neurotoxin tetX, playing a role in immune recognition and longterm protection (PubMed : 19830726). In the context of tumor immunesurveillance, may present tumor-derived neoantigens to CD4-positive T cells and trigger anti-tumor helper functions (PubMed : 31495665).. Allele DRB1*13 : 01 : Presents viral epitopes derived from HHV-6B antigens to polyfunctional CD4-positive T cells implicated in control of HHV-6B infection.. Allele DRB1*15 : 01 : May present to T-helper 1 cells an HRV-16 epitope derived from capsid protein VP2 (SNNSATLIVPYVNAVPMDSM), contributing to viral clearance (PubMed : 27591323). Displays a self-peptide derived from MBP (ENPVVHFFKNIVTPR) (PubMed : 25413013, PubMed : 9782128). May present to T-helper 1 cells an immunogenic epitope derived from tumor-associated antigen WT1 (KRYFKLSHLQMHSRKH), likely providing for effective antitumor immunity in a wide range of solid and hematological malignancies.. Allele DRB1*15 : 02 : Displays an immunodominant HIV-1 gag peptide (FRDYVDRFYKTLRAEQASQE) on infected dendritic cells for recognition by TRAV24-TRBV2 TCR on CD4-positive T cells and controls viral load (PubMed : 29884618). May present to T-helper 1 cells an immunogenic epitope derived from tumor-associated antigen WT1 (KRYFKLSHLQMHSRKH), likely providing for effective antitumor immunity in a wide range of solid and hematological malignancies (PubMed : 19120973).. (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for Epstein-Barr virus on lymphocytes.

Post-translational modifications

Ubiquitinated by MARCHF1 and MARCHF8 at Lys-254 leading to sorting into the endosome system and down-regulation of MHCII.

Subcellular localisation

Lysosome membrane