Recombinant Human HLA-DR protein (His tag N-Terminus)

Specifications

Form

Liquid

General info

Function

An alpha chain of antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecule. In complex with the beta chain HLA-DRB, displays antigenic peptides on professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) for recognition by alpha-beta T cell receptor (TCR) on HLA-DR-restricted CD4-positive T cells. This guides antigen-specific T-helper effector functions, both antibody-mediated immune response and macrophage activation, to ultimately eliminate the infectious agents and transformed cells (PubMed : 15265931, PubMed : 15322540, PubMed : 17334368, PubMed : 22327072, PubMed : 24190431, PubMed : 27591323, PubMed : 29884618, PubMed : 31495665, PubMed : 8145819, PubMed : 9075930). Typically presents extracellular peptide antigens of 10 to 30 amino acids that arise from proteolysis of endocytosed antigens in lysosomes (PubMed : 8145819). In the tumor microenvironment, presents antigenic peptides that are primarily generated in tumor-resident APCs likely via phagocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells or macropinocytosis of secreted tumor proteins (PubMed : 31495665). Presents peptides derived from intracellular proteins that are trapped in autolysosomes after macroautophagy, a mechanism especially relevant for T cell selection in the thymus and central immune tolerance (PubMed : 17182262, PubMed : 23783831). The selection of the immunodominant epitopes follows two processing modes : 'bind first, cut/trim later' for pathogen-derived antigenic peptides and 'cut first, bind later' for autoantigens/self-peptides (PubMed : 25413013). The anchor residue at position 1 of the peptide N-terminus, usually a large hydrophobic residue, is essential for high affinity interaction with MHCII molecules (PubMed : 8145819).

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the MHC class II family.

Post-translational modifications

Ubiquitinated by MARCHF1 or MARCHF8 at Lys-244 leading to down-regulation of MHCII. When associated with ubiquitination of the beta chain at 'Lys-254', the down-regulation of MHCII may be highly effective.

Subcellular localisation

Early endosome membrane