Recombinant Human HLA G protein (Tagged)

Specifications

Form

Liquid

General info

Function

Isoform 1. Non-classical major histocompatibility class Ib molecule involved in immune regulatory processes at the maternal-fetal interface (PubMed : 19304799, PubMed : 23184984, PubMed : 29262349). In complex with B2M/beta-2 microglobulin binds a limited repertoire of nonamer self-peptides derived from intracellular proteins including histones and ribosomal proteins (PubMed : 7584149, PubMed : 8805247). Peptide-bound HLA-G-B2M complex acts as a ligand for inhibitory/activating KIR2DL4, LILRB1 and LILRB2 receptors on uterine immune cells to promote fetal development while maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance (PubMed : 16366734, PubMed : 19304799, PubMed : 20448110, PubMed : 23184984, PubMed : 27859042, PubMed : 29262349). Upon interaction with KIR2DL4 and LILRB1 receptors on decidual NK cells, it triggers NK cell senescence-associated secretory phenotype as a molecular switch to promote vascular remodeling and fetal growth in early pregnancy (PubMed : 16366734, PubMed : 19304799, PubMed : 23184984, PubMed : 29262349). Through interaction with KIR2DL4 receptor on decidual macrophages induces pro-inflammatory cytokine production mainly associated with tissue remodeling (PubMed : 19304799). Through interaction with LILRB2 receptor triggers differentiation of type 1 regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, both of which actively maintain maternal-fetal tolerance (PubMed : 20448110, PubMed : 27859042). May play a role in balancing tolerance and antiviral-immunity at maternal-fetal interface by keeping in check the effector functions of NK, CD8+ T cells and B cells (PubMed : 10190900, PubMed : 11290782, PubMed : 24453251). Reprograms B cells toward an immune suppressive phenotype via LILRB1 (PubMed : 24453251). May induce immune activation/suppression via intercellular membrane transfer (trogocytosis), likely enabling interaction with KIR2DL4, which resides mostly in endosomes (PubMed : 20179272, PubMed : 26460007). Through interaction with the inhibitory receptor CD160 on endothelial cells may control angiogenesis in immune privileged sites (PubMed : 16809620).. Isoform 2. Likely does not bind B2M and presents peptides. Negatively regulates NK cell- and CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity (PubMed : 11290782).. Isoform 3. Likely does not bind B2M and presents peptides. Negatively regulates NK cell- and CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity (PubMed : 11290782).. Isoform 4. Likely does not bind B2M and presents peptides. Negatively regulates NK cell- and CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity (PubMed : 11290782).. Isoform 5. Non-classical major histocompatibility class Ib molecule involved in immune regulatory processes at the maternal-fetal interface (PubMed : 19304799, PubMed : 23184984, PubMed : 29262349). In complex with B2M/beta-2 microglobulin binds a limited repertoire of nonamer self-peptides derived from intracellular proteins including histones and ribosomal proteins (PubMed : 7584149, PubMed : 8805247). Peptide-bound HLA-G-B2M complex acts as a ligand for inhibitory/activating KIR2DL4, LILRB1 and LILRB2 receptors on uterine immune cells to promote fetal development while maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance (PubMed : 16366734, PubMed : 19304799, PubMed : 20448110, PubMed : 23184984, PubMed : 29262349). Upon interaction with KIR2DL4 and LILRB1 receptors on decidual NK cells, it triggers NK cell senescence-associated secretory phenotype as a molecular switch to promote vascular remodeling and fetal growth in early pregnancy (PubMed : 16366734, PubMed : 19304799, PubMed : 23184984, PubMed : 29262349). Through interaction with KIR2DL4 receptor on decidual macrophages induces pro-inflammatory cytokine production mainly associated with tissue remodeling (PubMed : 19304799). Through interaction with LILRB2 receptor triggers differentiation of type 1 regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, both of which actively maintain maternal-fetal tolerance (PubMed : 20448110). Reprograms B cells toward an immune suppressive phenotype via LILRB1 (PubMed : 24453251).. Isoform 6. Likely does not bind B2M and presents peptides.. Isoform 7. Likely does not bind B2M and presents peptides.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the MHC class I family.

Post-translational modifications

N-glycosylated.. Soluble HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G. Produced by proteolytic cleavage at the cell surface (shedding) by matrix metalloproteinase MMP2.

Subcellular localisation

Early endosome membrane