Recombinant Human HO-2 protein

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2) is an enzyme that degrades heme to biliverdin carbon monoxide and free iron. This protein has a molecular mass of about 36 kDa. HO-2 is constitutively expressed in high levels in the brain liver and testis. It functions through its enzymatic capabilities and along with heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) it plays a critical role in heme catabolism. While HO-1 is inducible and responds to oxidative stress conditions HO-2 remains largely constant under normal physiological conditions.

Biological function summary

Heme oxygenase-2 contributes to cellular protective mechanisms. This protein generates carbon monoxide which serves as a signaling molecule in various cellular processes including the modulation of inflammation and apoptosis. It does not typically form complexes but interacts directly with heme substrates. HO-2 also helps in controlling iron levels in cells preventing the accumulation that can lead to oxidative damage.

Pathways

The enzymatic activity of heme oxygenase-2 integrates into the heme degradation pathway and influences the carbon monoxide signaling pathway. Another related protein in these processes is cytochrome P450 involved in oxidative metabolism which requires heme as a cofactor. This interconnection is essential allowing heme oxygenase enzymes to further impact the regulation of cellular oxidative stress responses.

Associated diseases and disorders

Heme oxygenase-2 has connections to neurodegenerative diseases and certain types of hypertension. In the context of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's dysregulation of heme metabolism and oxidative stress can play significant roles wherein HO-2's heme-degrading activity is important. Additionally in conditions like hypertension carbon monoxide produced by HO-2 can have vasoactive properties influencing blood pressure through its signaling role. Interaction with proteins like superoxide dismutase in mitigating oxidative stress reinforces HO-2's significance in these disorders.