Recombinant Human INSL3 protein

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The INSL3 gene encodes insulin-like peptide 3 also known as Relaxin-like peptide. It is a hormone belonging to the insulin superfamily with a molecular mass of approximately 12 kDa. INSL3 is expressed primarily in the Leydig cells of the testes in males but can also be found in the theca cells of the ovaries in females. This peptide hormone plays a significant role in male and female reproductive physiology by acting through its receptor RXFP2 (Relaxin family peptide receptor 2).

Biological function summary

Insulin-like peptide 3 influences the development of male gonads and the descent of testes during embryonic development making it important for reproductive success. INSL3 also functions in ovarian follicle maturation in females. This hormone operates by binding to the RXFP2 receptor forming a complex that triggers signaling cascades leading to tissue development and differentiation. However the extent of its involvement in female reproductive processes remains under investigation.

Pathways

Insulin-like peptide 3 functions mainly through the cAMP signaling pathway via its interaction with RXFP2 which plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. INSL3 influences the reproductive hormone axis working alongside other hormones like testosterone and luteinizing hormone to coordinate testicular descent and manage reproductive function. Its signaling pathway impacts various stages of gonadal development and maturation.

Mutations or dysfunctions in the INSL3 or RXFP2 gene may result in cryptorchidism a condition where one or both testicles fail to descend properly affecting fertility. This condition involves the hormone-testosterone pathway highlighting the critical interactions between INSL3 and testosterone synthesis. Additionally altered levels of INSL3 could be linked to conditions related to ovarian function disorders reflecting its importance in both male and female reproductive health.