Recombinant Human MAT2B/TGR protein

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

MAT2B also known as TGR is a protein that functions as a regulatory subunit of the enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase II. This enzyme synthesizes S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) essential for methylation reactions in varied cellular processes. MAT2B has a molecular mass of approximately 35 kDa and can modulate the activity of the catalytic subunit of the methionine adenosyltransferase complex. The protein is expressed in multiple tissues with abundant levels in liver and fetal tissues. It is important for regulating the levels of SAM linking dietary methionine to cellular methylation capacity.

Biological function summary

The MAT2B protein helps maintain cellular methylation status by adjusting SAM synthesis. It is a part of the methionine adenosyltransferase II complex which consists of different subunits contributing to its enzymatic activity. The regulatory role of MAT2B ensures precise control over the methionine cycle impacting DNA methylation patterns and gene regulation. By modulating SAM production MAT2B influences cellular growth differentiation and apoptosis through its interactions with other methylation-related proteins.

Pathways

The MAT2B protein plays a significant role in methionine metabolism and the transmethylation pathway. These pathways are central to transferring methyl groups from SAM to a range of substrates including DNA proteins and lipids. MAT2B is related to MAT2A the catalytic subunit that generates SAM. Together they coordinate to balance cellular metabolic needs with the synthesis and utilization of methyl groups securing the methylation-dependent regulation of diverse cellular processes.

MAT2B associates with liver diseases and cancer. Its regulatory function in SAM synthesis ties it to disruptions in methylation capacity observed in these conditions. Reduced MAT2B activity can lead to imbalanced SAM levels affecting the methylation landscape and contributing to altered gene expression involved in tumorigenesis. In liver diseases MAT2B interacts with MAT1A a protein facilitating methylation balance in mature liver tissue. This interaction highlights MAT2B's significant impact on maintaining liver health and its potential role in pathogenesis when dysregulated.