Recombinant Human MDH1 protein

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The cytosolic malate dehydrogenase commonly called MDH1 or malate dehydrogenase 1 is an enzyme that plays an important role in the citric acid cycle. Its main function is to catalyze the reversible conversion of malate to oxaloacetate using NAD+ as a cofactor. This enzyme has an approximate molecular mass of 36 kDa. MDH1 is expressed in the cytosol of various cell types throughout the body. It is critical in enabling cells to efficiently convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP which is vital for cellular function and survival.

Biological function summary

This enzyme supports numerous cellular processes by maintaining redox balance and facilitating energy production. MDH1 acts independently and isn't part of any larger protein complex. However its efficiency directly impacts the cycling of metabolites necessary for cellular respiration and energy metabolism. By converting malate into oxaloacetate MDH1 directly influences processes critical for the maintenance of cell health and function.

Pathways

MDH1 is an integral component of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the malate-aspartate shuttle. In the TCA cycle it plays an important role in the conversion steps that drive energy generation within cells. Additionally the malate-aspartate shuttle is an important pathway connecting cytosolic and mitochondrial processes by facilitating the exchange of reducing equivalents. Through these pathways MDH1 interacts and collaborates with proteins like aspartate aminotransferase (GOT1) and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH2) showcasing the interconnected nature of metabolic pathways.

Dysfunction or abnormal expression of MDH1 has been associated with various conditions including cancer and metabolic syndromes. In cancer aberrant MDH1 activity can lead to altered energy metabolism promoting tumor progression and survival. Additionally MDH1's role in glucose and lipid metabolism makes it relevant in metabolic syndrome where improper energy balance can exacerbate disease states. Proteins connected through these associations include hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in cancer metabolism and insulin signaling proteins in metabolic syndromes further illustrating the broader implications of MDH1's function in health and disease.