Recombinant Human NOX2/gp91phox protein

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

NOX2 also known as gp91phox or cybb is a membrane-bound protein that plays an important role in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This protein functions as a catalytic component of the NADPH oxidase complex which is primarily found in phagocytes like neutrophils and macrophages. The NOX2 protein has a molecular weight of approximately 91 kDa. It is expressed prominently in the cell membranes of these immune cells where it participates in the body's defense mechanisms.

Biological function summary

NOX2 participates in the generation of superoxide by using NADPH as a substrate an essential function performed by the multi-subunit NADPH oxidase complex. This process helps in the formation of microbicidal ROS which neutrophils and macrophages require for killing pathogens. The gp91phox component NOX2's alternate name partners with p22phox and other cytosolic subunits like p47phox and p67phox to form the fully active enzyme complex. This emphasizes NOX2's role in the immune system's oxidative burst an important antimicrobial response.

Pathways

NOX2 is an integral part of the oxidative burst pathway important in host defense. Its activity connects with the MAPK signaling pathway which can be activated by the presence of ROS produced by NOX2. This pathway involves proteins such as ERK JNK and p38 MAPKs which are related through the signaling events that lead to diverse cellular responses including inflammation and stress responses.

NOX2 dysregulation is associated with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) a condition characterized by a compromised ability of phagocytes to produce ROS leading to recurrent infections. Additionally NOX2 activity links with cardiovascular diseases where its overproduction of ROS can cause oxidative stress contributing to atherosclerosis. The functioning of p22phox another protein in the NADPH oxidase complex becomes particularly relevant in these contexts as it partners with NOX2 to generate the harmful superoxide in such diseases.