Recombinant Human ORAV1 protein (His tag N-Terminus)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

ORAV1 also known as Orai1 is an important component of the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) pathway. It is a calcium release-activated calcium channel that is integral for calcium influx across the plasma membrane. ORAV1 has a molecular weight of approximately 32 kDa. The protein primarily expresses in tissues with high calcium transport needs such as immune cells including T lymphocytes and also in various epithelial cells. Its presence is significant in enabling calcium signaling necessary for numerous cellular processes.

Biological function summary

The function of ORAV1 extends beyond being a mere channel. It forms part of a larger complex known as the calcium release-activated calcium channel modulator (CRAC) complex. A critical partner for ORAV1 in this complex is the stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) which senses depletion of calcium in the endoplasmic reticulum. The interaction between ORAV1 and STIM1 triggers calcium influx across the cell membrane which is fundamental for the activation of various cellular signaling cascades.

Pathways

ORAV1 plays a central role in calcium signaling pathways. It is involved in pathways such as the immune response pathway where calcium ions function as secondary messengers. The interaction between ORAV1 and STIM1 regulates the activation of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) pathway which is essential for gene expression in lymphocytes. This calcium-dependent signaling is critical for proper immune function and cellular metabolism regulation.

Defects in ORAV1 expression or function directly correlate with immunodeficiencies and muscular disorders. Mutations in ORAV1 can lead to a rare immune deficiency condition known as CRAC channelopathy characterized by severe combined immunodeficiency. This condition results from impaired calcium influx in T lymphocytes affecting proper immune response. Additionally the dysregulation of ORAV1 has associations with skeletal muscle disorders where its imbalance hampers muscle function potentially involving proteins like STIM1 further highlighting its relevance in muscle pathophysiology.