Recombinant Human P2X7 protein (GST tag N-Terminus)

Specifications

Form

Liquid

General info

Function

ATP-gated nonselective transmembrane cation channel that requires high millimolar concentrations of ATP for activation (PubMed : 17483156, PubMed : 25281740, PubMed : 9038151). Upon ATP binding, it rapidly opens to allow the influx of small cations Na(+) and Ca(2+), and the K(+) efflux (PubMed : 17483156, PubMed : 20453110, PubMed : 28235784, PubMed : 39262850). Also has the ability to form a large pore in the cell membrane, allowing the passage of large cationic molecules (PubMed : 17483156). In microglia, may mediate NADPH transport across the plasma membrane (PubMed : 39142135). In immune cells, P2RX7 acts as a molecular sensor in pathological inflammatory states by detecting and responding to high local concentrations of extracellar ATP. In microglial cells, P2RX7 activation leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta and IL-18, through the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 (PubMed : 26877061). Cooperates with KCNK6 to activate NLRP3 inflammasome (By similarity). Activates death pathways leading to apoptosis and autophagy (PubMed : 21821797, PubMed : 23303206, PubMed : 28326637). Activates death pathways leading to pyroptosis (By similarity).. Isoform B. Shows ion channel activity but no macropore function.. Isoform H. Non-functional channel.. Isoform J. Non-functional channel.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the P2X receptor family.

Post-translational modifications

Phosphorylation results in its inactivation.. ADP-ribosylation at Arg-125 is necessary and sufficient to activate P2RX7 and gate the channel.. Palmitoylation of several cysteines in the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail is required for efficient localization to cell surface (PubMed:18971257). Palmitoylation prevents channel desensitization by physically anchoring the palmitoylated groups to the membrane (By similarity).