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AB196393

Recombinant human PADI4 / PAD4 protein

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(2 Publications)

Recombinant human PADI4 / PAD4 protein is a Human Full Length protein, in the 1 to 663 aa range, expressed in Baculovirus infected Sf9 cells, with >65%, suitable for SDS-PAGE, FuncS.

View Alternative Names

PAD4, PADI5, PDI5, PADI4, Protein-arginine deiminase type-4, HL-60 PAD, Peptidylarginine deiminase IV, Protein-arginine deiminase type IV

2 Images
Functional Studies - Recombinant human PADI4 / PAD4 protein (AB196393)
  • FuncS

Supplier Data

Functional Studies - Recombinant human PADI4 / PAD4 protein (AB196393)

Enzyme reaction was performed in a buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 7.4, 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM CaCl2, and 2 mM DTT) containing ab196393 and 10 mM BAEE as a substrate for 25 min at 37°C. Amount of ammonia produced was measured and used for specific activity calculation.

SDS-PAGE - Recombinant human PADI4 / PAD4 protein (AB196393)
  • SDS-PAGE

Supplier Data

SDS-PAGE - Recombinant human PADI4 / PAD4 protein (AB196393)

10% SDS PAGE with Coomassie staining : 2.4 μg ab196393.

Key facts

Purity

>65% SDS-PAGE

Expression system

Baculovirus infected Sf9 cells

Tags

DDDDK tag C-Terminus

Applications

FuncS, SDS-PAGE

applications

Biologically active

Yes

Biological activity

Specific activity of ≥80 pmole/min/μg.

Accession

Q9UM07

Animal free

No

Carrier free

No

Species

Human

Storage buffer

pH: 8 Constituents: 20% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.64% Sodium chloride, 0.63% Tris HCl, 0.462% (R*,R*)-1,4-Dimercaptobutan-2,3-diol, 0.02% Potassium chloride

storage-buffer

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Reactivity data

{ "title": "Reactivity Data", "filters": { "stats": ["", "Reactivity", "Dilution Info", "Notes"] }, "values": { "SDS-PAGE": { "reactivity":"TESTED_AND_REACTS", "dilution-info":"", "notes":"<p></p>" }, "FuncS": { "reactivity":"TESTED_AND_REACTS", "dilution-info":"", "notes":"<p></p>" } } }
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Sequence info

[{"sequence":"MAQGTLIRVTPEQPTHAVCVLGTLTQLDICSSAPEDCTSFSINASPGVVVDIAHGPPAKKKSTGSSTWPLDPGVEVTLTMKVASGSTGDQKVQISYYGPKTPPVKALLYLTGVEISLCADITRTGKVKPTRAVKDQRTWTWGPCGQGAILLVNCDRDNLESSAMDCEDDEVLDSEDLQDMSLMTLSTKTPKDFFTNHTLVLHVARSEMDKVRVFQATRGKLSSKCSVVLGPKWPSHYLMVPGGKHNMDFYVEALAFPDTDFPGLITLTISLLDTSNLELPEAVVFQDSVVFRVAPWIMTPNTQPPQEVYACSIFENEDFLKSVTTLAMKAKCKLTICPEEENMDDQWMQDEMEIGYIQAPHKTLPVVFDSPRNRGLKEFPIKRVMGPDFGYVTRGPQTGGISGLDSFGNLEVSPPVTVRGKEYPLGRILFGDSCYPSNDSRQMHQALQDFLSAQQVQAPVKLYSDWLSVGHVDEFLSFVPAPDRKGFRLLLASPRSCYKLFQEQQNEGHGEALLFEGIKKKKQQKIKNILSNKTLREHNSFVERCIDWNRELLKRELGLAESDIIDIPQLFKLKEFSKAEAFFPNMVNMLVLGKHLGIPKPFGPVINGRCCLEEKVCSLLEPLGLQCTFINDFFTYHIRHGEVHCGTNVRRKPFSFKWWNMVP","proteinLength":"Full Length","predictedMolecularWeight":"75 kDa","actualMolecularWeight":null,"aminoAcidEnd":663,"aminoAcidStart":1,"nature":"Recombinant","expressionSystem":"Baculovirus infected Sf9 cells","accessionNumber":"Q9UM07","tags":[{"tag":"DDDDK","terminus":"C-Terminus"}]}]
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Properties and storage information

Shipped at conditions
Dry Ice
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
-80°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-80°C
Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
True
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Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

PADI4 also known as PAD4 PADI4 protein or PAD-4 is an enzyme that plays a mechanical role in post-translational modification. It functions by catalyzing the conversion of arginine residues into citrulline in histones a process known as citrullination or deimination. This enzyme exhibits a molecular mass of approximately 74 kDa and is expressed notably in tissues like bone marrow and sites of inflammation. PADI4 shows high expression in immune cells such as neutrophils which are important for inflammatory responses.
Biological function summary

The PADI4 protein impacts gene expression by modifying chromatin architecture making it part of chromatin remodeling activities. PADI4 is known to associate with chromatin but it does not form large stable complexes. It influences the transcriptional activity of genes by altering histone interactions which can affect immune responses and cellular differentiation. Through these chromatin changes PADI4 plays a notable role in regulating genes associated with immune function and inflammatory responses.

Pathways

PADI4 integrates into the inflammatory response and apoptosis pathways. It influences apoptosis by modulating pro-inflammatory gene expression and participating in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). PADI4 works with other proteins such as histone H3 and histone H4 to influence immune cell pathways. These interactions underline its role in the regulation of protein expressions during inflammation and immune-mediated processes.

PADI4 connects to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and certain cancers. In rheumatoid arthritis altered activity of PADI4 can lead to the production of autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins which exacerbates inflammation in joints. The enzyme’s dysregulation is also implicated in cancer progression where it may affect tumor growth and metastasis. PADI4’s interaction with other proteins like citrullinated histones highlights its association with pathogenic processes in such diseases.
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Specifications

Form

Liquid

Additional notes

Affinity purified.

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General info

Function

Catalyzes the citrullination/deimination of arginine residues of proteins such as histones, thereby playing a key role in histone code and regulation of stem cell maintenance (PubMed : 15339660, PubMed : 15345777, PubMed : 16567635, PubMed : 21245532). Citrullinates histone H1 at 'Arg-54' (to form H1R54ci), histone H3 at 'Arg-2', 'Arg-8', 'Arg-17' and/or 'Arg-26' (to form H3R2ci, H3R8ci, H3R17ci, H3R26ci, respectively) and histone H4 at 'Arg-3' (to form H4R3ci) (PubMed : 15339660, PubMed : 15345777, PubMed : 16567635, PubMed : 21245532). Acts as a key regulator of stem cell maintenance by mediating citrullination of histone H1 : citrullination of 'Arg-54' of histone H1 (H1R54ci) results in H1 displacement from chromatin and global chromatin decondensation, thereby promoting pluripotency and stem cell maintenance (PubMed : 15339660, PubMed : 15345777, PubMed : 16567635, PubMed : 21245532). Promotes profound chromatin decondensation during the innate immune response to infection in neutrophils by mediating formation of H1R54ci (PubMed : 18209087). Required for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); NETs are mainly composed of DNA fibers and are released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation (By similarity). Citrullination of histone H3 prevents their methylation by CARM1 and HRMT1L2/PRMT1 and represses transcription (PubMed : 15345777). Citrullinates EP300/P300 at 'Arg-2142', which favors its interaction with NCOA2/GRIP1 (PubMed : 15731352).

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the protein arginine deiminase family.

Post-translational modifications

Autocitrullination at Arg-372 and Arg-374 inactivates the enzyme.

Subcellular localisation

Nucleus

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Product protocols

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Target data

Catalyzes the citrullination/deimination of arginine residues of proteins such as histones, thereby playing a key role in histone code and regulation of stem cell maintenance (PubMed : 15339660, PubMed : 15345777, PubMed : 16567635, PubMed : 21245532). Citrullinates histone H1 at 'Arg-54' (to form H1R54ci), histone H3 at 'Arg-2', 'Arg-8', 'Arg-17' and/or 'Arg-26' (to form H3R2ci, H3R8ci, H3R17ci, H3R26ci, respectively) and histone H4 at 'Arg-3' (to form H4R3ci) (PubMed : 15339660, PubMed : 15345777, PubMed : 16567635, PubMed : 21245532). Acts as a key regulator of stem cell maintenance by mediating citrullination of histone H1 : citrullination of 'Arg-54' of histone H1 (H1R54ci) results in H1 displacement from chromatin and global chromatin decondensation, thereby promoting pluripotency and stem cell maintenance (PubMed : 15339660, PubMed : 15345777, PubMed : 16567635, PubMed : 21245532). Promotes profound chromatin decondensation during the innate immune response to infection in neutrophils by mediating formation of H1R54ci (PubMed : 18209087). Required for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); NETs are mainly composed of DNA fibers and are released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation (By similarity). Citrullination of histone H3 prevents their methylation by CARM1 and HRMT1L2/PRMT1 and represses transcription (PubMed : 15345777). Citrullinates EP300/P300 at 'Arg-2142', which favors its interaction with NCOA2/GRIP1 (PubMed : 15731352).
See full target information PADI4
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Publications (2)

Recent publications for all applications. Explore the full list and refine your search

Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) 33:100835 PubMed36113195

2022

PAD4-dependent citrullination of nuclear translocation of GSK3β promotes colorectal cancer progression via the degradation of nuclear CDKN1A.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Xiaonuan Luo,Shanshan Chang,Siyu Xiao,Yin Peng,Yuli Gao,Fan Hu,Jianxue Liang,Yidan Xu,Kaining Du,Yang Chen,Jiequan Qin,Stephen J Meltzer,Shiqi Deng,Xianling Feng,Xinmin Fan,Gangqiang Hou,Zhe Jin,Xiaojing Zhang

Nature communications 9:4783 PubMed30429478

2018

Colorectal cancer liver metastatic growth depends on PAD4-driven citrullination of the extracellular matrix.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

A E Yuzhalin,A N Gordon-Weeks,M L Tognoli,K Jones,B Markelc,R Konietzny,R Fischer,A Muth,E O'Neill,P R Thompson,P J Venables,B M Kessler,S Y Lim,R J Muschel
View all publications
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