Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone protein (Fc Chimera)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) also known as the parathyrin is a hormone protein with a molecular mass of about 9.4 kDa. It is synthesized and secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands. PTH plays an important role in regulating calcium levels in the blood. Its molecular action involves binding to PTH receptors which are mainly located in bones and kidneys to increase calcium concentration by promoting its release from bones and reabsorption in the kidneys. This hormone is also present in the bloodstream as a parathyroid hormone peptide.

Biological function summary

PTH regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism in the body. It does not function as part of a larger complex but acts independently to control these important minerals. The hormone affects osteoclast activity in bones enhancing calcium and phosphate release. Additionally in the kidneys it reduces phosphate reabsorption while increasing calcium reabsorption. This balance maintained by PTH is essential for bone health and metabolic functions often associated with parathyroid hormone-related proteins in its activity.

Pathways

PTH is integral to the calcium signaling pathway and the renal phosphate reabsorption pathway. PTH works in concert with vitamin D to enhance intestinal calcium absorption. Calcitriol the active form of vitamin D depends on PTH for its synthesis in the kidneys linking the two in calcium homeostasis. Through these pathways PTH also interacts with the calcitonin hormone to moderate calcium levels creating a balance between mineral deposition and resorption in bones.

PTH is closely associated with hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism known as pan hypoparathyroidism when complete underactivity of the parathyroid glands occurs. In hyperparathyroidism an overproduction of PTH leads to high blood calcium levels and associated symptoms. Conversely hypoparathyroidism results in low calcium levels due to insufficient PTH secretion. Both conditions affect calcium metabolism and relate to proteins like calcium-sensing receptor and PTH-related peptide highlighting how critical PTH's function is in endocrine and metabolic health.