Recombinant human PD-L1 protein (Active) is a Human Fragment protein, in the 19 to 238 aa range, expressed in HEK 293, with >98% purity, < 1 EU/µg endotoxin level and suitable for SDS-PAGE, HPLC, FuncS.
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- International journal of molecular sciences 22:2021Cell Penetrating Peptide-Based Self-Assembly for PD-L1 Targeted Tumor Regression.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesFeng Guo,Junfeng Ke,Zhengdong Fu,Wenzhao Han,Liping WangPubMed 34948105
- ChemMedChem 16:568-5772020The Stone Guest: How Does pH Affect Binding Properties of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors?Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesAlessandra Riccio,Alice Coletti,Daniela Dolciami,Andrea Mammoli,Bruno Cerra,Sonia Moretti,Antimo Gioiello,Simone Ferlin,Efisio Puxeddu,Antonio MacchiaruloPubMed 33085193
Key facts
- Purity
- >98% SDS-PAGE
- Endotoxin level
- < 1 EU/µg
- Expression system
- HEK 293 cells
- Tags
- His tag C-Terminus
- Applications
- SDS-PAGE, HPLC, FuncS
- Biologically active
- Yes
Amino acid sequence
F T V T V P K D L Y V V E Y G S N M T I E C K F P V E K Q L D L A A L I V Y W E M E D K N I I Q F V H G E E D L K V Q H S S Y R Q R A R L L K D Q L S L G N A A L Q I T D V K L Q D A G V Y R C M I S Y G G A D Y K R I T V K V N A P Y N K I N Q R I L V V D P V T S E H E L T C Q A E G Y P K A E V I W T S S D H Q V L S G K T T T T N S K R E E K L F N V T S T L R I N T T T N E I F Y C T F R R L D P E E N H T A E L V I P E L P L A H P P N E R
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Reactivity data
| Application | Reactivity | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
Application SDS-PAGE | Reactivity Reacts | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Application HPLC | Reactivity Reacts | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Application FuncS | Reactivity Reacts | Dilution info - | Notes - |
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Target data
Function
Plays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self (PubMed:11015443, PubMed:28813410, PubMed:28813417, PubMed:31399419). As a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PDCD1/PD-1, modulates the activation threshold of T-cells and limits T-cell effector response (PubMed:11015443, PubMed:28813410, PubMed:28813417, PubMed:36727298). Through a yet unknown activating receptor, may costimulate T-cell subsets that predominantly produce interleukin-10 (IL10) (PubMed:10581077). Can also act as a transcription coactivator: in response to hypoxia, translocates into the nucleus via its interaction with phosphorylated STAT3 and promotes transcription of GSDMC, leading to pyroptosis (PubMed:32929201). The PDCD1-mediated inhibitory pathway is exploited by tumors to attenuate anti-tumor immunity and escape destruction by the immune system, thereby facilitating tumor survival (PubMed:28813410, PubMed:28813417). The interaction with PDCD1/PD-1 inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) effector function (By similarity). The blockage of the PDCD1-mediated pathway results in the reversal of the exhausted T-cell phenotype and the normalization of the anti-tumor response, providing a rationale for cancer immunotherapy (By similarity).
Alternative names
CD274, B7H1, PDCD1L1, PDCD1LG1, PDL1, Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, PD-L1, PDCD1 ligand 1, Programmed death ligand 1, hPD-L1, B7 homolog 1, B7-H1
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Recombinant human PD-L1 protein (Active) is a Human Fragment protein, in the 19 to 238 aa range, expressed in HEK 293, with >98% purity, < 1 EU/µg endotoxin level and suitable for SDS-PAGE, HPLC, FuncS.
Key facts
- Purity
- >98% SDS-PAGE
- Endotoxin level
- < 1 EU/µg
- Expression system
- HEK 293 cells
- Tags
- His tag C-Terminus
- Applications
- SDS-PAGE, HPLC, FuncS
- Biologically active
- Yes
- Biological activity
- Immobilized ab167713 on Anti-His Tag (C-term) Antibody, precoated (0.1 μg/well) plate, binds Human PD-1, Mouse IgG2a Fc Tag (HPLC-verified), at 5 μg/mL (100 μL/well) with a linear range of 10-78 ng/mL.
- Accession
- Q9NZQ7-1
- Animal free
- No
- Species
- Human
- Reconstitution
- Reconstitute with sterile deionized water to a concentration of 400 µg/ml.
- Concentration
- Storage buffer
pH: 7.4
Constituents: PBS, 5% Trehalose
Sequence info
Amino acid sequence
- F T V T V P K D L Y V V E Y G S N M T I E C K F P V E K Q L D L A A L I V Y W E M E D K N I I Q F V H G E E D L K V Q H S S Y R Q R A R L L K D Q L S L G N A A L Q I T D V K L Q D A G V Y R C M I S Y G G A D Y K R I T V K V N A P Y N K I N Q R I L V V D P V T S E H E L T C Q A E G Y P K A E V I W T S S D H Q V L S G K T T T T N S K R E E K L F N V T S T L R I N T T T N E I F Y C T F R R L D P E E N H T A E L V I P E L P L A H P P N E R
- Accession
- Q9NZQ7
- Protein length
- Fragment
- Predicted molecular weight
- 26 kDa
- Amino acids
- 19 to 238
- Nature
- Recombinant
- Tags
- His tag C-Terminus
Specifications
- Form
- Lyophilized
- Additional notes
>90% as determined by SEC-HPLC.Purified by Immobilized metal affinity chromatography.
General info
- Function
Plays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self (PubMed:11015443, PubMed:28813410, PubMed:28813417, PubMed:31399419). As a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PDCD1/PD-1, modulates the activation threshold of T-cells and limits T-cell effector response (PubMed:11015443, PubMed:28813410, PubMed:28813417, PubMed:36727298). Through a yet unknown activating receptor, may costimulate T-cell subsets that predominantly produce interleukin-10 (IL10) (PubMed:10581077). Can also act as a transcription coactivator: in response to hypoxia, translocates into the nucleus via its interaction with phosphorylated STAT3 and promotes transcription of GSDMC, leading to pyroptosis (PubMed:32929201).
- Sequence similarities
Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. BTN/MOG family.
- Post-translational modifications
Ubiquitinated; STUB1 likely mediates polyubiquitination of PD-L1/CD274 triggering its degradation (PubMed:28813410). Ubiquitinated by MARCHF8; leading to degradation (PubMed:34183449). Deubiquitinated by USP22; leading to stabilization (PubMed:31399419).
- Subcellular localisation
- Early endosome membrane, Recycling endosome membrane
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
- Blue Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage duration
- 1-2 weeks
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
- +4°C
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
- -20°C
- Aliquoting information
- Upon delivery aliquot
- Storage information
- Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
This product is an active protein and may elicit a biological response in vivo, handle with caution.
Notes
For a recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody to PD-L1 in WB and ICC/IF usage, - see ab174838 (clone EPR1161(2))
Supplementary info
- This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
PD-L1 also known as Programmed Death-Ligand 1 or CD274 is a protein involved in immune modulation. Mechanically PD-L1 interacts with its receptors particularly PD-1 to regulate cellular immune responses. This transmembrane protein has a calculated molecular weight of approximately 33 kDa. PD-L1 is expressed on various cell types including tumor cells and immune cells such as dendritic cells macrophages and B cells. Its expression is often upregulated in response to inflammatory cytokines.
- Biological function summary
PD-L1 plays a central role in immune evasion mechanisms utilized by tumors. It is not part of a larger protein complex but directly interacts with PD-1 and CD80. When PD-L1 binds to PD-1 it sends inhibitory signals leading to decreased T cell activation and proliferation allowing cancer cells to avoid immune destruction. PD-L1 expression provides a mechanism for tumors to suppress immune surveillance facilitating tumor progression.
- Pathways
PD-L1 is integral to the immune checkpoint pathway which is an important regulator of immune response. The interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 provides a mechanism for immune tolerance which is part of the broader adaptive immune system pathway. PD-L1 is related to other immune checkpoint proteins such as CTLA-4 in its function to limit autoreactivity and promote immune homeostasis.
- Associated diseases and disorders
PD-L1 is most associated with cancer particularly in tumors such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells often correlates with poor prognosis. PD-L1 directly interacts with PD-1 in these cancers a target for immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors which aim to block this interaction and restore immune activity against tumors. PD-L1 involvement extends to autoimmune disorders where altered expression can impact tolerance and lead to immune-related tissue damage.
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Functional Studies - Recombinant human PD-L1 protein (Active) (ab167713)
Immobilized ab167713 at 1 μg/mL (100 μL/well) binds Anti-Human PD-L1 MAb (Human IgG1).
Linear range of 0.1-3 ng/mL (QC tested).
Functional Studies - Recombinant human PD-L1 protein (Active) (ab167713)
The purity of Human PD-L1 (His Tag) (HPLC verified) was greater than 90% as determined by SEC-HPLC.
Functional Studies - Recombinant human PD-L1 protein (Active) (ab167713)
Immobilized ab167713 on Anti-His Tag (C-term) Antibody, precoated (0.1 μg/well) plate, binds Human PD-1, Mouse IgG2a Fc Tag (HPLC-verified), at 5 μg/mL (100 μL/well).
Linear range of 10-78 ng/mL (Routinely tested).
Functional Studies - Recombinant human PD-L1 protein (Active) (ab167713)
Loaded Recombinant human PD1 protein (Fc Chimera Active) Recombinant human PD1 protein (Fc Chimera Active) ab221398 on ProteinA Biosensor, can bind Human PD-L1, His Tag ab167713 with an affinity constant of 5.3 μM as determined in BLI assay.
Functional Studies - Recombinant human PD-L1 protein (Active) (ab167713)
Biotinylated Human PD-1, Fc Tag (ab246137) binds Recombinant human PD-L1 protein ab167713 at 1 μg/mL (5μL/well).
Linear range of 0.02-0.625 μg/mL as determined in a alphaLISA homogeneous assay (Routinely tested).
Functional Studies - Recombinant human PD-L1 protein (Active) (ab167713)
Human PD-1, Fc Tag (Recombinant human PD1 protein (Fc Chimera Active) ab221398), captured on CM5 chip via anti-human IgG Fc antibody, binds ab167713 with an affinity constant of 3.6 μM, as determined in an SPR assay (Biacore T200).
Functional Studies - Recombinant human PD-L1 protein (Active) (ab167713)
Anti-Human PD-L1 Mab (Human IgG1), captured on CM5 chip via anti-human IgG Fc antibodies surface, binds ab167713 with an affinity constant of 0.286 nM, as determined in a SPR assay (Biacore T200) (Routinely tested).
SDS-PAGE - Recombinant human PD-L1 protein (Active) (ab167713)
Reduced ab167713 on SDS-PAGE, stained overnight with Coomassie Blue.
The purity of the protein is greater than 98%.
The protein migrates as 30-35 kDa under reducing conditions, due to glycosylation.
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