Recombinant Human PD1 protein

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

PD1 also known as Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 or PDCD1 is a transmembrane protein that plays a critical role in regulating immune responses. It has a mass of approximately 55 kDa. PD1 is expressed on the surface of T cells B cells and some myeloid cells. PD1’s expression increases upon activation of these immune cells assisting in maintaining peripheral tolerance. Researchers often use PD1 mouse models and chimeric antibodies to explore the function of PD1 for experimental purposes. Antibodies such as anti-PD1 such as EH12.2H7 help in blocking PD1 interaction to study its role further.

Biological function summary

PD1 serves as an inhibitory receptor acting as a checkpoint in the immune system. It becomes part of an immune-suppressive complex when it binds with its ligands PD-L1 or PD-L2 which are expressed on various cell types including some tumor cells. This interaction suppresses the proliferation of T cells and cytokine production contributing to immune homeostasis. By controlling T cell activity PD1 limits autoimmunity but can also reduce the immune system's capability to attack cancer cells.

Pathways

PD1 functions in the immune checkpoint pathway a critical regulatory circuit in immune regulation. The engagement of PD1 with its ligands initiates a cascade that inhibits the function and proliferation of T cells through downstream SHP-2 phosphatase activity. This pathway frequently involves other regulatory proteins like CTLA-4 and is an important mechanism by which the body modulates immune responses. Related pathways often intersect with those involving T cell receptor signaling and contribute to the overall modulation of immune activity.

Associated diseases and disorders

PD1 has a significant role in cancer and autoimmune disorders. PD1 expression can allow tumors to evade immune surveillance making PD1 a target for cancer therapies such as anti-PD1 antibodies which aim to block PD1 and restore T cell activity. The interaction of PD1 with cancer-related proteins like PD-L1 facilitates tumor immune evasion. In autoimmune disorders PD1’s regulation of immune balance can become dysregulated leading to persistent immune activation and tissue damage. Understanding PD1 and its interaction with proteins such as PD-L1 helps in developing therapeutic strategies for both cancer and autoimmune conditions.