Recombinant Human Peptide YY/PYY protein (GST tag N-Terminus)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Peptide YY (PYY) also known as PYY1 or PYY3-36 is a 36-amino acid peptide hormone with a molecular weight of approximately 4 kDa. Expressed primarily in the L-cells of the ileum and colon PYY is released into the bloodstream postprandially. This hormone serves as an important messenger in appetite control and energy homeostasis. Peptide YY reduces gastric motility and increases water and electrolyte absorption in the colon playing an integral role in digestion and nutrient absorption processes.

Biological function summary

The hormone influences several physiological functions beyond its mechanical roles. Peptide YY hormone function includes inhibiting appetite through interactions with the neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors in the brain's hypothalamus. It acts together with similar peptides including pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) establishing a complex regulatory system that governs energy balance and food intake. PYY contributes to short-term and long-term body weight management linking gut to brain signals.

Pathways

Peptide YY hormone function integrates into the gut-brain axis and the neuroendocrine system. It engages mainly in the regulation of the Y2 receptor pathway interacting with proteins like the ghrelin receptor and insulin pathways. Moreover PYY can influence the feeding pathway by modulating the arcuate nucleus neurons establishing connections with the melanocortin system and agouti-related peptide (AgRP). This integration importantly contributes to satiety and appetite modulation.

Peptide YY is linked to obesity and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Altered levels of PYY associate with increased risk of obesity due to dysregulated appetite signals. Disorders like IBS relate to the imbalance of functional gut hormones including PYY which impacts bowel motility and gastrointestinal comfort. Other proteins such as ghrelin and leptin participate in these pathways providing insight into potential therapeutic targets for these conditions.