Recombinant human PIN4 protein (His tag N-Terminus)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 4 (PIN4) also known as parvulin 14 or essential nuclear protein (Ess1) is an enzyme with a molecular mass of approximately 14 kDa. PIN4 is a member of the parvulin family of peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIs) and facilitates protein folding by catalyzing the cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds at proline residues. This protein is expressed in a variety of tissues with high expression in the testis and the brain indicating its importance in these tissues.

Biological function summary

PIN4 is involved in several critical cellular processes such as cell cycle regulation and RNA processing. It forms part of a complex with other proteins that influence cell cycle progression and check points. Its role in these processes points to its functional versatility in maintaining cellular homeostasis and modulating interactions with other proteins necessary for DNA synthesis and repair.

Pathways

PIN4 interacts with key signaling cascades such as the cell cycle pathway and the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. In the cell cycle pathway it influences progression through the modulation of phosphorylation states of its substrates. In the ubiquitin proteasome pathway PIN4 impacts protein degradation and related proteins include cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and ubiquitin ligases which together regulate cell division and proteostasis.

PIN4's dysfunction has connections to neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. In neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease altered PIN4 activity affects proteins such as tau which plays a role in neuronal stability. In cancer particularly in testicular germ cell tumors PIN4 may partner with proteins like p53 influencing tumor suppression and cell cycle arrest. Understanding these relationships provides insight into potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers.