Recombinant Human PPAR gamma protein

General info

Function

Ligand-activated transcription factor that forms obligate heterodimers with the retinoic acid receptor and acts as a key regulator of biological processes, such as adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis and beta-oxidation of fatty acids (PubMed : 16150867, PubMed : 20829347, PubMed : 23525231, PubMed : 8702406, PubMed : 8706692, PubMed : 9065481). Activated by lipid ligands : binds peroxisome proliferators, such as hypolipidemic drugs, and fatty acids, such as prostaglandin J2 metabolites (PubMed : 16150867, PubMed : 20829347, PubMed : 23525231, PubMed : 8702406, PubMed : 8706692, PubMed : 9065481). Ligand-binding results in a conformational change in the receptor, promoting dissociation of repressors and recruitment of coactivators, and subsequent activation of target gene expression (PubMed : 16150867, PubMed : 20829347, PubMed : 23525231, PubMed : 8702406, PubMed : 8706692, PubMed : 9065481). Specifically binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase (By similarity). Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated pro-inflammatory responses (PubMed : 20829347). Plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular circadian rhythms by regulating the transcription of BMAL1 in the blood vessels (By similarity).. Isoform 2. Nuclear receptor that acts as the key factor controlling the development of adipocytes (By similarity). Specifically activated by 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 ligand during early adipogenesis, driving differentiation of all types of adipocytes (white, beige and brown) (By similarity). Acts together with retinoic acid receptor RXRA, forming the ARF6 complex, which acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer (By similarity). Following recruitment of TLE3, promotes differentiation of white adipocytes (By similarity). Following recruitment of PRDM16, promotes differentiation of myoblastic precursors into brown adipose cells (BAT), which are specialized in dissipating energy in the form of heat in response to cold or excess feeding (By similarity). Also mediates diffentiation of white adipocytes into beige adipocytes by mediating recruitment of PRDM16 (By similarity).. (Microbial infection) Upon treatment with M.tuberculosis or its lipoprotein LpqH, phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and IL-6 production are modulated, probably via this protein.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily.

Post-translational modifications

O-GlcNAcylation at Thr-84 reduces transcriptional activity in adipocytes.. Phosphorylated in basal conditions and dephosphorylated when treated with the ligand. May be dephosphorylated by PPP5C. The phosphorylated form may be inactive and dephosphorylation at Ser-112 induces adipogenic activity (By similarity).. Ubiquitinated by E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex containing FBXO9; leading to proteasomal degradation (By similarity). Ubiquitinated at Lys-252 by TRIM55 leading to proteasomal degradation (PubMed:36737649). Ubiquitinated by E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase STUB1/CHIP; leading to proteasomal degradation (By similarity). Ubiquitinated by E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ARIH2; leading to proteasomal degradation (By similarity).

Subcellular localisation

Nucleus