Recombinant Human PPP3CA + PPP3R1 protein

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

PPP3CA also known as calcineurin A alpha is a catalytic subunit of the protein phosphatase calcineurin complex which is a calcium and calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase. The molecular weight of PPP3CA is approximately 61 kDa. It is highly expressed in various tissues especially in the brain heart and skeletal muscles. PPP3R1 also referred to as calcineurin B is the regulatory subunit that binds calcium ions and helps in targeting the phosphatase activity of PPP3CA. Together they form the active calcineurin complex.

Biological function summary

Calcineurin plays an important role in calcium signaling pathways by dephosphorylating target proteins therefore activating transcription factors like NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells). This complex regulates several cellular functions such as gene expression particularly in immune cells and neurons. Through its influence on different proteins calcineurin impacts processes including the immune response and synaptic plasticity.

Pathways

Calcineurin is an important player in the calcium-controlled signal transduction pathway. It directly influences proteins involved in the regulation of diverse cellular responses. Particularly it activates NFAT proteins by dephosphorylation leading to their translocation into the nucleus where they regulate gene expression. Another pathway involves calcineurin’s role in modulating the activity of other substrate proteins involved in muscle differentiation and neural development relating it closely to proteins like CABIN1.

The dysregulation of calcineurin activity has been linked to cardiac hypertrophy and immunological disorders such as autoimmune diseases. Alterations in the calcineurin-associated pathways affect the normal functioning of NFAT contributing to the pathological cardiac growth observed in hypertrophy while lining to disorders in immune function might involve proteins such as AKNA. Understanding calcineurin's function and regulation remains essential for developing treatments for these conditions.