Recombinant Human RISC protein (His tag)

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

RISC also known as the RNA-induced silencing complex functions mechanically by binding to small interfering RNA (siRNA) or microRNA (miRNA) to guide RNA silencing processes. The complex has not a fixed mass as it consists of multiple proteins and RNA molecules. RISC is typically found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells where it engages in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Key components of RISC include the Argonaute protein family which plays an important role in its RNA-binding and cleavage activities.

Biological function summary

The RISC complex takes part in regulating gene expression by degrading target mRNAs or inhibiting their translation once bound to them. It is part of the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery a mechanism important for maintaining cellular homeostasis through gene expression control. The effector part of RISC recognizes and binds to complementary sequences on target mRNAs harnessing its RNA-binding capabilities to mediate gene silencing effectively. This process helps to regulate developmental timings cellular responses to stress and defense against viral infections.

Pathways

The RISC complex integrates into pathways like RNA interference and miRNA-mediated gene silencing important for controlling gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Within these pathways RISC interacts with proteins such as Dicer which processes precursor RNA molecules into mature siRNA or miRNA that RISC then utilizes for gene silencing. By interacting with these proteins RISC facilitates an intricate network of genetic regulation essential for cellular integrity and function.

Associated diseases and disorders

Misregulation involving the RISC complex often associates with conditions like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Dysregulation of miRNA pathways where RISC plays a central role can lead to cancer by allowing unchecked cell proliferation or failure to undergo apoptosis. In neurodegenerative diseases abnormalities in RISC function can affect neuronal gene expression. Proteins like Argonaute which are important components of RISC are often implicated alongside RISC in the molecular pathogenesis of these disorders highlighting the significance of proper RISC function in maintaining health.