Recombinant Human SULT2A1/ST2 protein

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

SULT2A1 also known as ST2 is an enzyme belonging to the sulfotransferase family. It mechanically transfers sulfate groups to hydroxy steroids which include substances like dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) as well as other sterols. SULT2A1 exhibits an approximate molecular mass of 34 kDa. Expression occurs mainly in the liver and adrenal glands where it plays important role in steroid metabolism. It is also found in the intestine and skin although at lower levels. This enzyme's function in these tissues suggests its involvement in the local regulation of hormone action and metabolism.

Biological function summary

The role of SULT2A1 extends to the regulation of hormones by sulfurylation which makes compounds more soluble and ready for excretion. This process effectively deactivates certain steroid hormones thereby modulating their activity within the body. SULT2A1 does not typically form part of a larger complex but works independently in modifying steroid substrates. The enzyme's activity allows for regulation of hormone availability and subsequently holds substantial influence over multiple physiological processes.

Pathways

SULT2A1 is active in the steroid metabolism and catabolic pathways. It functions alongside other enzymes like CYP3A4 a cytochrome P450 enzyme to transform and clear hormone derivatives from the body. This cooperation is important for maintaining hormonal balance by converting active hormones into less active forms or preparing them for elimination. SULT2A1 contributes specifically to the homeostasis of androgen and estrogen metabolism through the sulfate conjugation pathway regulating the sensitivity of tissues to these hormones.

Associated diseases and disorders

Alterations in SULT2A1 activity have connections with adrenal diseases and certain forms of cancer. Overactive or deficient SULT2A1 enzyme function can disrupt hormone levels affecting conditions like congenital adrenal hyperplasia. This condition involves hormone imbalances due to enzyme irregularities upstream where SULT2A1's role in sulfate conjugation remains integral. It is also associated with breast cancer where enzyme interactions with estrogen derivatives might modulate proliferative signals; related proteins include estrogen receptor pathways that influence tumor growth. Understanding SULT2A1's function in these contexts aids in grasping the broader impact of hormone regulation and metabolism in disease development.