Recombinant human Thioredoxin 2 protein (Tag Free)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Thioredoxin 2 also known as TXN2 is a protein that functions mainly as an oxidoreductase. It facilitates the reduction of other proteins through cysteine thiol-disulfide exchange which is important for maintaining cellular redox balance. This protein exists in the mitochondria where it is expressed ubiquitously across tissues. Thioredoxin 2 has a molecular mass of approximately 18 kDa. The presence of TXN2 in all cellular compartments suggests its importance in various cellular processes involving oxidative stress response.

Biological function summary

Thioredoxin 2 participates in regulating mitochondrial redox homeostasis ensuring the protection of mitochondrial DNA against oxidative damage. It acts as a part of the mitochondrial thioredoxin system which includes thioredoxin reductase and NADPH as components. This system is important for the control of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and supports mitochondrial function by facilitating the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides. The protein therefore plays an important role in cellular antioxidant defenses and in modulating mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.

Pathways

The involvement of Thioredoxin 2 is pivotal in several cellular signaling cascades including the antioxidant defense and apoptosis pathways. Within the redox signaling pathways TXN2 works in conjunction with cytochrome c and caspases to regulate apoptosis and prevent uncontrolled cell death. In pathways related to cellular oxidative stress Thioredoxin 2 interacts closely with glutathione to mediate cellular responses to oxidative damage maintaining balance between the production and removal of ROS.

The dysregulation of Thioredoxin 2 correlates with various human conditions such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In cancer alterations in TXN2 levels can affect cell survival and proliferation often by interacting with other antioxidant proteins like peroxiredoxins. For neurodegenerative diseases an imbalance in Thioredoxin 2 activity contributes to neuronal damage through disrupted oxidative stress regulation. This highlights TXN2's potential as a therapeutic target for disorders connected to oxidative stress imbalances.