Recombinant human TLR4 protein (Active)

Specifications

Form

Lyophilized

Additional notes

>= 95% by HPLC analysis.

General info

Function

Transmembrane receptor that functions as a pattern recognition receptor recognizing pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) to induce innate immune responses via downstream signaling pathways (PubMed : 10835634, PubMed : 15809303, PubMed : 16622205, PubMed : 17292937, PubMed : 17478729, PubMed : 20037584, PubMed : 20711192, PubMed : 23880187, PubMed : 27022195, PubMed : 29038465, PubMed : 17803912, PubMed : 15852007). At the plasma membrane, cooperates with LY96 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed : 27022195). Also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate, and Ni(2+) (PubMed : 20711192). Mechanistically, acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (PubMed : 10835634, PubMed : 21393102, PubMed : 27022195, PubMed : 36945827, PubMed : 9237759). Alternatively, CD14-mediated TLR4 internalization via endocytosis is associated with the initiation of a MYD88-independent signaling via the TICAM1-TBK1-IRF3 axis leading to type I interferon production (PubMed : 14517278). In addition to the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, initiates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and formation of a positive feedback loop between autophagy and NF-kappa-B signaling cascade (PubMed : 32894580). In complex with TLR6, promotes inflammation in monocytes/macrophages by associating with TLR6 and the receptor CD86 (PubMed : 23880187). Upon ligand binding, such as oxLDL or amyloid-beta 42, the TLR4 : TLR6 complex is internalized and triggers inflammatory response, leading to NF-kappa-B-dependent production of CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL9 cytokines, via MYD88 signaling pathway, and CCL5 cytokine, via TICAM1 signaling pathway (PubMed : 23880187). In myeloid dendritic cells, vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G but not LPS promotes the activation of IRF7, leading to type I IFN production in a CD14-dependent manner (PubMed : 15265881, PubMed : 23880187). Required for the migration-promoting effects of ZG16B/PAUF on pancreatic cancer cells.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the Toll-like receptor family.

Post-translational modifications

N-Glycosylation of Asn-526 and Asn-575 by STT3A-containing OST-A complex is necessary for the expression of TLR4 on the cell surface and the LPS-response (PubMed:11706042, PubMed:38670073). Likewise, mutants lacking two or more of the other N-glycosylation sites were deficient in interaction with LPS (PubMed:11706042, PubMed:38670073).. Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues by LYN after binding lipopolysaccharide.. Ubiquitinated by RNF128 via 'Lys-28'-linked polyubiquitin chains, leading to proteasomal degradation.