Recombinant Human Topoisomerase II alpha protein

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Topoisomerase II alpha also known as TOP2A is an enzyme that plays a critical role in DNA replication and cell division. It is a homodimeric protein with a mass of around 170 kDa and primarily localizes in the nucleus. TOP2A catalyzes the transient breaking and rejoining of double-stranded DNA necessary for resolving DNA tangles and supercoils during the replication process. TOP2A is highly expressed in proliferating cells due to its role in cell cycle progression making it a significant target in cancer research.

Biological function summary

TOP2A is essential for chromosome condensation segregation and relief of DNA torsional stress during mitosis. It does not function in isolation but interacts with other proteins as part of the larger DNA topoisomerase complex. This complex maintains DNA integrity during cellular processes such as transcription and replication. TOP2A's activity ensures that cells can duplicate their genetic material accurately facilitating proper cell division and maintaining genomic stability.

Pathways

TOP2A plays a significant role in the DNA replication and cell cycle regulation pathways. It interacts closely with proteins like CDC2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1) and is regulated by cyclins which control the timing of cell cycle progression. Additionally TOP2A is involved in the DNA damage response pathway where it collaborates with proteins such as ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) emphasizing its importance in maintaining DNA structure during replication stress.

Overexpression of TOP2A is frequently associated with various cancers including breast and prostate cancer. The enzyme's increased activity promotes uncontrolled cell proliferation a hallmark of cancer development. Antitopoisomerase drugs which target this pathway are used in cancer treatments to inhibit TOP2A activity. Additionally mutations or dysregulation of TOP2A-related pathways may also contribute to chemoresistance. Understanding TOP2A interactions and regulation provides insight into its role in cancer and opens avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions.