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AB161394

Recombinant Human TREX1 protein

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Recombinant Human TREX1 protein is a Human Full Length protein, in the 1 to 304 aa range, expressed in Wheat germ, suitable for ELISA, WB.

View Alternative Names

Three-prime repair exonuclease 1, 3'-5' exonuclease TREX1, Deoxyribonuclease III, DNase III, TREX1

1 Images
SDS-PAGE - Recombinant Human TREX1 protein (AB161394)
  • SDS-PAGE

Unknown

SDS-PAGE - Recombinant Human TREX1 protein (AB161394)

ab161394 on a 12.5% SDS-PAGE stained with Coomassie Blue.

Key facts

Expression system

Wheat germ

Tags

GST tag N-Terminus

Applications

WB, ELISA

applications

Biologically active

No

Accession

Q9NSU2

Animal free

No

Carrier free

No

Species

Human

Storage buffer

pH: 8 Constituents: 0.79% Tris HCl, 0.31% Glutathione

storage-buffer

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Reactivity data

{ "title": "Reactivity Data", "filters": { "stats": ["", "Reactivity", "Dilution Info", "Notes"] }, "values": { "ELISA": { "reactivity":"TESTED_AND_REACTS", "dilution-info":"", "notes":"<p></p>" }, "WB": { "reactivity":"TESTED_AND_REACTS", "dilution-info":"", "notes":"<p></p>" } } }
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Sequence info

[{"sequence":"MQTLIFFDMEATGLPFSQPKVTELCLLAVHRCALESPPTSQGPPPTVPPPPRVVDKLSLCVAPGKACSPAASEITGLSTAVLAAHGRQCFDDNLANLLLAFLRRQPQPWCLVAHNGDRYDFPLLQAELAMLGLTSALDGAFCVDSITALKALERASSPSEHGPRKSYSLGSIYTRLYGQSPPDSHTAEGDVLALLSICQWRPQALLRWVDAHARPFGTIRPMYGVTASARTKPRPSAVTTTAHLATTRNTSPSLRESRGTKDLPPVKDPGALSREGLLAPLGLLAILTLAVATLYGLSLATPGE","proteinLength":"Full Length","predictedMolecularWeight":null,"actualMolecularWeight":null,"aminoAcidEnd":304,"aminoAcidStart":1,"nature":"Recombinant","expressionSystem":"Wheat germ","accessionNumber":"Q9NSU2","tags":[{"tag":"GST","terminus":"N-Terminus"}]}]
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Properties and storage information

Shipped at conditions
Dry Ice
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
-80°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-80°C
Aliquoting information
Upon delivery aliquot
Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
False
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Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

TREX1 also known as Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 acts as a DNA exonuclease which degrades single-stranded DNA from the 3' end. This protein exhibits a mass of 33 kDa. TREX1's expression is largely found in the cytoplasm of many cell types including those in the immune system and various tissues like the liver spleen and heart. Through its enzymatic activity TREX1 helps maintain genomic stability by processing DNA intermediates that arise from incomplete DNA replication or repair processes.
Biological function summary

TREX1 removes excessive DNA that might trigger immune responses. It is not a part of a large protein complex but works closely with substrates involved in DNA repair and replication. By degrading abnormal DNA TREX1 prevents the initiation of inappropriate immune responses that could result in autoimmunity. Its functionality is essential in preventing the cell from converting these DNA fragments into ligands for DNA sensors which could activate immune signaling pathways.

Pathways

TREX1 plays a significant role in the DNA damage response and innate immune pathways. In the DNA damage response pathway TREX1 functions alongside proteins like ATR and ATM which address DNA replication stress and repair. Within the innate immune pathway it interacts with cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) which can become activated in response to cytosolic DNA leading to the production of type I interferons - powerful immune modulators.

Mutations in TREX1 have been linked to autoimmune diseases such as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. In these conditions the altered or deficient TREX1 leads to the accumulation of DNA in the cytoplasm falsely triggering an antiviral immune response. This relationship with cGAS is critical as the cGAS-STING pathway becomes activated due to the presence of unprocessed DNA resulting in chronic inflammation and contributing to the autoimmune pathology observed in these disorders.
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Specifications

Form

Liquid

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General info

Function

Major cellular 3'-to-5' DNA exonuclease which digests single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with mismatched 3' termini (PubMed : 10391904, PubMed : 10393201, PubMed : 17293595). Prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity (PubMed : 10391904, PubMed : 10393201, PubMed : 17293595). Acts by metabolizing DNA fragments from endogenous retroelements, including L1, LTR and SINE elements (PubMed : 10391904, PubMed : 10393201, PubMed : 17293595). Plays a key role in degradation of DNA fragments at cytosolic micronuclei arising from genome instability : its association with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane directs TREX1 to ruptured micronuclei, leading to micronuclear DNA degradation (PubMed : 33476576). Micronuclear DNA degradation is required to limit CGAS activation and subsequent inflammation (PubMed : 33476576). Unless degraded, these DNA fragments accumulate in the cytosol and activate the cGAS-STING innate immune signaling, leading to the production of type I interferon (PubMed : 33476576). Prevents chronic ATM-dependent checkpoint activation, by processing ssDNA polynucleotide species arising from the processing of aberrant DNA replication intermediates (PubMed : 18045533). Inefficiently degrades oxidized DNA, such as that generated upon antimicrobial reactive oxygen production or upon absorption of UV light (PubMed : 23993650). During GZMA-mediated cell death, contributes to DNA damage in concert with NME1 (PubMed : 16818237). NME1 nicks one strand of DNA and TREX1 removes bases from the free 3' end to enhance DNA damage and prevent DNA end reannealing and rapid repair (PubMed : 16818237).

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the exonuclease superfamily. TREX family.

Post-translational modifications

Ubiquitinated, but not targeted to proteasomal degradation. Ubiquitination may be important for interaction with UBQLN1.

Subcellular localisation

Nucleus

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Product protocols

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Target data

Major cellular 3'-to-5' DNA exonuclease which digests single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with mismatched 3' termini (PubMed : 10391904, PubMed : 10393201, PubMed : 17293595). Prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity (PubMed : 10391904, PubMed : 10393201, PubMed : 17293595). Acts by metabolizing DNA fragments from endogenous retroelements, including L1, LTR and SINE elements (PubMed : 10391904, PubMed : 10393201, PubMed : 17293595). Plays a key role in degradation of DNA fragments at cytosolic micronuclei arising from genome instability : its association with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane directs TREX1 to ruptured micronuclei, leading to micronuclear DNA degradation (PubMed : 33476576). Micronuclear DNA degradation is required to limit CGAS activation and subsequent inflammation (PubMed : 33476576). Unless degraded, these DNA fragments accumulate in the cytosol and activate the cGAS-STING innate immune signaling, leading to the production of type I interferon (PubMed : 33476576). Prevents chronic ATM-dependent checkpoint activation, by processing ssDNA polynucleotide species arising from the processing of aberrant DNA replication intermediates (PubMed : 18045533). Inefficiently degrades oxidized DNA, such as that generated upon antimicrobial reactive oxygen production or upon absorption of UV light (PubMed : 23993650). During GZMA-mediated cell death, contributes to DNA damage in concert with NME1 (PubMed : 16818237). NME1 nicks one strand of DNA and TREX1 removes bases from the free 3' end to enhance DNA damage and prevent DNA end reannealing and rapid repair (PubMed : 16818237).
See full target information TREX1
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