Recombinant Human Triosephosphate isomerase protein

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Triosephosphate isomerase also known as TPI is an enzyme that plays an important role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis by catalyzing the reversible isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). It has a molecular mass of approximately 27 kDa. This enzyme is widely expressed in many tissues with high presence in red blood cells muscle and brain tissues due to their high energy demands. As a dimer enzyme it exhibits significant catalytic efficiency that supports cellular energy management.

Biological function summary

The enzyme facilitates the efficient production of ATP by maintaining balance between DHAP and G3P vital for energy-metabolizing cells. Triosephosphate isomerase is not part of a larger complex itself but it significantly interacts with other enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. This interaction supports cellular respiration by ensuring a steady supply of intermediates needed for downstream processes.

Pathways

Triosephosphate isomerase is central to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. In glycolysis it works in tandem with other enzymes such as hexokinase and phosphofructokinase to breakdown glucose into pyruvate yielding ATP and NADH. It provides a critical link between glycolysis and energy production processes impacting the cellular metabolism and biochemical energy cycles. The enzyme also contributes to gluconeogenesis where it helps synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate sources ensuring energy supply during fasting.

Associated diseases and disorders

Mutations or deficiencies in triosephosphate isomerase can lead to conditions such as triosephosphate isomerase deficiency a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive neurological dysfunction hemolytic anemia and muscle weakness. This deficiency arises from dysfunctional or unstable isomerase activity leading to an accumulation of DHAP. Additionally research has shown links between this enzyme and Alzheimer's disease where altered glucose metabolism is a common feature. Abnormal triosephosphate isomerase activity may interact with amyloid precursor protein processing in the disease pathology.