Recombinant Human TXNDC/TMX protein

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

TXNDC also known as TMX or thioredoxin domain-containing protein is a protein with enzymatic properties. This protein functions as a disulfide isomerase and is involved in the formation and rearrangement of disulfide bonds within proteins. TXNDC weighs around 38 kDa and localizes primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). TXNDC facilitates oxidative protein folding by catalyzing thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Its expression is common in tissues with high protein synthesis demand such as liver and pancreas.

Biological function summary

Thioredoxin domain-containing protein plays a significant role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. It forms part of a complex network with other oxidoreductases contributing to oxidative protein folding processes essential for proper protein maturation and function. Beyond protein folding TXNDC participates in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species helping protect cells from oxidative stress. This function supports normal cellular metabolism and survival under potentially damaging conditions.

Pathways

TXNDC is active within the oxidative protein folding pathway which involves the transfer of electrons from substrate proteins to the molecular oxidant. It collaborates closely with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in this pathway to ensure proper protein structure and function. Another significant pathway includes its involvement in the unfolded protein response (UPR) a mechanism that manages protein misfolding stress in the ER. TXNDC modulates the UPR by influencing the levels of reactive oxygen species indirectly impacting the function of pathways regulated by proteins such as IRE1 and PERK.

Associated diseases and disorders

Alterations in TXNDC function have connections to several pathological conditions. One such condition is cancer where imbalances in TXNDC expression levels can contribute to tumor progression and chemoresistance often in coordination with other redox proteins like thioredoxin itself. Additionally improper TXNDC function can relate to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's as oxidative stress and protein misfolding are common features. In Alzheimer's TXNDC's involvement in redox regulation and protein homeostasis links it to the broader pathology involving proteins like amyloid-beta and tau.