Recombinant Human Uroplakin II/UPII protein (denatured) (His tag N-Terminus)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Uroplakin II (UPII) also known as UPK2 plays a structural role in the epithelial cells of the urinary tract. It has a molecular mass of approximately 15 kDa. UPII is expressed specifically in the urothelium which lines the interior surface of the bladder ureters and renal pelvis. This protein contributes to the asymmetric unit membrane (AUM) which forms specialized plaques essential for maintaining the impermeability of the urothelial barrier.

Biological function summary

Uroplakin II functions as part of the larger uroplakin protein complex. UPII interacts with other uroplakins such as Uroplakin Ia Ib and III contributing to the formation of a multimeric structure that strengthens the urothelial cells' surface. This structure plays a role in cellular stabilization and preventing the passage of toxic substances and pathogens from the urine into the underlying tissue. Consequently it aids in maintaining tissue integrity and ensuring efficient functioning of the urinary system.

Pathways

The uroplakin complex integrates into the pathway of epithelial differentiation. Uroplakin II's association with other uroplakins influences the formation of the AUM which involves the coordinated action of several related proteins such as claudins. The interaction with claudins suggests a potential regulatory role for cell-cell adhesion within epithelial transport pathways. This role might interact with tight junction pathways that are important for maintaining the selective permeability of epithelial layers.

Alterations in Uroplakin II expression link to urothelial carcinoma. Abnormal UPII levels can disrupt the urothelial barrier potentially leading to carcinogenesis. Investigations find connections between UPII and overexpression of proteins such as EGFR which contributes to tumor growth and progression. The association of UPII with bladder cancer emphasizes its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and a target for therapeutic strategies in urothelial malignancies.