Recombinant Human xCT protein

Specifications

Form

Lyophilized

General info

Function

Heterodimer with SLC3A2, that functions as an antiporter by mediating the exchange of extracellular anionic L-cystine and intracellular L-glutamate across the cellular plasma membrane (PubMed : 11133847, PubMed : 11417227, PubMed : 14722095, PubMed : 15151999, PubMed : 34880232, PubMed : 35245456, PubMed : 35352032). Provides L-cystine for the maintenance of the redox balance between extracellular L-cystine and L-cysteine and for the maintenance of the intracellular levels of glutathione that is essential for cells protection from oxidative stress (By similarity). The transport is sodium-independent, electroneutral with a stoichiometry of 1 : 1, and is drove by the high intracellular concentration of L-glutamate and the intracellular reduction of L-cystine (PubMed : 11133847, PubMed : 11417227). Acts as an inhibitor of ferroptosis by mediating the import of L-kynurenine leading to anti-ferroptotic signaling propagation required to maintain L-cystine and glutathione homeostasis (PubMed : 35245456, PubMed : 40246981). Also inhibits ferroptosis by acting as an atypical proton transporter that mediates a slow proton efflux from lysosomes via cystine and glutamate flux (PubMed : 40280132). Glutamate and cystine contain side-chain groups that are protonatable in the physiological range of lysosomal pH and cytosolic pH, respectively, enabling a slow lysosomal proton leak through a substrate-as-proton mechanism (PubMed : 40280132). Moreover, mediates N-acetyl-L-cysteine uptake into the placenta leading to subsequently down-regulation of pathways associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis (PubMed : 34120018). In vitro can also transport L-aspartate (PubMed : 11417227). May participate in astrocyte and meningeal cell proliferation during development and can provide neuroprotection by promoting glutathione synthesis and delivery from non-neuronal cells such as astrocytes and meningeal cells to immature neurons (By similarity). Controls the production of pheomelanin pigment directly (By similarity).

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) (TC 2.A.3.8) family.

Post-translational modifications

Ubiquitinated by TRIM26; leading to proteasomal degradation.