Recombinant Major allergen Mal d 1 protein (His tag)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Major allergen Mal d 1 also known as Mal protein or allergen d is part of the PR-10 protein family. It has a molecular weight of approximately 17 kDa. This protein is found primarily in apples specifically expressed in apple pulp and peel. As a major allergen Mal d 1 elicits allergic reactions in sensitive individuals playing an important role in the allergic response seen in apple-related oral allergy syndrome.

Biological function summary

Major allergen Mal d 1 functions as a panallergen. It shares structural similarities with other PR-10 proteins including the Bet v 1 which is a well-known birch pollen allergen. Mal d 1 does not form a complex but has functional homology with Bet v 1 indicating a shared mechanism of action which involves acting as a carrier for hydrophobic ligands like plant hormones and fatty acids. This function may contribute to its role in plant defense although in humans it leads to immune responses such as IgE binding.

Pathways

Major allergen Mal d 1 is involved in the signaling pathways of the plant defense system. It participates in pathways similar to those of Bet v 1 which help in regulating responses to environmental stressors and infections. Although not directly linked to any human pathways its structural similarity with Bet v 1 ties it to the IgE-mediated allergic pathway seen during an immune response to specific food allergens common in birch-allergic individuals exhibiting cross-reactivity with those allergic to apples.

Major allergen Mal d 1 is linked prominently to oral allergy syndrome. This disorder involves a reaction to certain fresh fruits and vegetables in individuals sensitive to pollen allergens like Bet v 1. In these cases immune system misidentifies Mal d 1 as Bet v 1 due to homology leading to allergic symptoms. This disorder is characterized by itching and swelling in the mouth and throat after apple consumption highlighting a clear connection between Mal d 1 and similar proteins triggering an immune response.