Recombinant Mouse Bax protein (His tag)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Bax also known as Bcl-2-associated X protein plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis. It is widely known for its pro-apoptotic function opposing the action of anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2. Bax has a molecular weight of approximately 21 kDa making it identifiable in laboratory techniques such as western blot. Researchers often use anti-Bax antibodies to detect and analyze its expression levels in various studies. The Bax protein is mainly expressed in mitochondria where it undergoes changes in response to apoptotic signals.

Biological function summary

The Bax protein forms homodimers or heterodimers with other Bcl-2 family proteins to facilitate apoptosis. This protein is part of a larger complex involving several members of the Bcl-2 family which finely tunes the balance between cell survival and programmed cell death. Through a change in its conformation Bax translocates to the outer mitochondrial membrane where it promotes the release of cytochrome c and other apoptogenic factors into the cytosol.

Pathways

Bax plays a significant role in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis also known as the mitochondrial pathway. This pathway involves the release of cytochrome c which further activates downstream proteins such as caspase-9 and caspase-3. Bax interacts closely with proteins like Bak another pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family providing a cooperative function in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Together Bax and Bak act as gatekeepers of the mitochondrial pathway determining the cell's fate in response to apoptotic stimuli.

The dysregulation of Bax often associates with various cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. In cancer reduced Bax expression or function can lead to resistance to apoptosis contributing to unchecked cellular proliferation. Conversely in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease increased Bax activity results in excessive neuronal apoptosis. The balance between Bax and its partner proteins like Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL is important in maintaining normal cellular function and preventing disease progression.