Recombinant Mouse CCL4/MIP-1 beta protein

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

CCL4 also known as MIP-1 beta or MIP-1b has a mechanical role as a chemokine involved in immune response regulation. The protein has a mass of about 7.8 kDa. It expresses in various tissues including leukocytes where it mainly functions as a chemoattractant. MIP-1 beta helps recruit immune cells like natural killer cells and monocytes to sites of inflammation or injury. Researchers frequently measure its levels using assays like MIP-1 beta ELISA or CCL4 ELISA.

Biological function summary

CCL4 is critical in immune system modulation. It coordinates leukocyte activation and trafficking contributing to inflammation and immune surveillance. It does not function in isolation but rather interacts with other chemokines and receptors. CCL4 alongside its sibling chemokines forms a dynamic network that ensures a balanced immune response. It connects to receptors such as CCR5 playing substantial roles in its activities.

Pathways

CCL4 participates in essential signaling cascades that mediate immune responses. It is notably part of the chemokine signaling pathway which is instrumental in directing cell movement. CCL4 also engages with proteins like CCR5 in the inflammatory and immune response pathways. This interaction enhances communication between cells required for effective pathogen defense.

CCL4 plays roles in immune-related conditions. It is strongly linked to inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and HIV infection. In rheumatoid arthritis CCL4 levels are often elevated correlating with inflammation severity. During HIV infection CCL4 interacts with proteins like CCR5 a co-receptor the virus uses to enter host cells. This involvement makes MIP-1 beta a target for studies seeking therapeutic interventions in these diseases.