Recombinant Mouse IL-33 protein (His tag N-Terminus)

Specifications

Form

Liquid

Additional notes

ab187455 was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

General info

Function

Cytokine that binds to and signals through the IL1RL1/ST2 receptor which in turn activates NF-kappa-B and MAPK signaling pathways in target cells (PubMed : 29045903). Involved in the maturation of Th2 cells inducing the secretion of T-helper type 2-associated cytokines (By similarity). Also involved in activation of mast cells, basophils, eosinophils and natural killer cells (By similarity). Acts as an enhancer of polarization of alternatively activated macrophages (By similarity). Acts as a chemoattractant for Th2 cells, and may function as an 'alarmin', that amplifies immune responses during tissue injury (By similarity). Induces rapid UCP2-dependent mitochondrial rewiring that attenuates the generation of reactive oxygen species and preserves the integrity of Krebs cycle required for persistent production of itaconate and subsequent GATA3-dependent differentiation of inflammation-resolving alternatively activated macrophages (PubMed : 34644537).. In quiescent endothelia the uncleaved form is constitutively and abundantly expressed, and acts as a chromatin-associated nuclear factor with transcriptional repressor properties, it may sequester nuclear NF-kappaB/RELA, lowering expression of its targets (By similarity). This form is rapidely lost upon angiogenic or pro-inflammatory activation (By similarity).

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the IL-1 family. Highly divergent.

Post-translational modifications

The full-length protein can be released from cells and is able to signal via the IL1RL1/ST2 receptor (PubMed:16286016). However, proteolytic processing by CELA1, CSTG/cathepsin G and ELANE/neutrophil elastase produces C-terminal peptides that are more active than the unprocessed full-length protein (PubMed:22307629, PubMed:35749514). May also be proteolytically processed by calpains. Proteolytic cleavage mediated by apoptotic caspases including CASP3 and CASP7 results in IL33 inactivation (PubMed:16286016, PubMed:19465481). In vitro proteolytic cleavage by CASP1 was reported (PubMed:16286016) but could not be confirmed in vivo (PubMed:19465481) suggesting that IL33 is probably not a direct substrate for that caspase (PubMed:16286016, PubMed:19465481).

Subcellular localisation

Nucleus