Recombinant Mouse MD1 protein (His tag)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

MD1 also known as myeloid differentiation protein 1 is a small glycoprotein with a molecular mass of approximately 20 kDa. It is expressed in a variety of tissues including the spleen liver and peripheral blood leukocytes. MD1 mainly associates with the cell surface linked to its interaction with other membrane proteins. As a protein MD1 plays an important role as an accessory molecule in immune response and homeostasis.

Biological function summary

MD1 acts as an essential component of the innate immune system. It forms a heterodimeric complex with radioprotective 105 (RP105) another membrane protein. This complex is important for the modulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathways. By interacting with RP105 MD1 influences the recognition of pathogen-associated molecules and helps regulate inflammatory responses. This involvement is key to controlling immune cell activation.

Pathways

The TLR4 signaling pathway prominently involves MD1. This pathway is significant in detecting lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria. The interaction of MD1 with RP105 helps modulate this pathway adjusting the immune response to maintain balance. Additionally MD1 impacts the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway another critical route in inflammation and immune regulation. Its activity within these pathways connects it to proteins like TLR4 and MyD88.

MD1 has a notable connection with autoimmune conditions and infectious diseases. In autoimmune diseases aberrations in MD1 expression or function may lead to dysregulation of immune responses contributing to pathology. For infectious diseases like sepsis MD1’s role in the TLR4 signaling pathway can affect susceptibility and severity through its modulation of immune response. Through these pathways MD1 maintains connections with proteins such as RP105 and TLR4 highlighting its importance in disease progression and immune system dynamics.