Recombinant Mouse VISTA protein

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

VISTA also known as V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation or Gi24 is a protein significant in immune regulation. It is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein with an apparent mass of approximately 55 kDa. VISTA is expressed on hematopoietic cells specifically within immune system components such as myeloid cells and T cells. Researchers have identified biotinylated chimeric proteins which facilitate the study of VISTA's expression and interactions in various immunological research models.

Biological function summary

VISTA functions in immune checkpoint regulation by modulating T cell activity. It acts as both a ligand and a receptor influencing immune responses. As part of an immune complex VISTA interacts with other checkpoint proteins to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity. Its role mirrors those of other B7 family members like PD-1 and CTLA-4 which are involved in negative immune regulation.

Pathways

VISTA integrates into the broader framework of immune signaling pathways. It contributes significantly to the immune checkpoint pathway similar to CTLA-4 and PD-1 which mediate immune cell proliferation and activation. By interacting with these proteins VISTA plays an important role in maintaining self-tolerance and regulating inflammatory responses functioning parallel to other proteins such as CD28 and B7-H5 in the immune checkpoint pathway.

VISTA's improper regulation associates with autoimmune diseases and cancer. Its expression influences the progression of conditions like rheumatoid arthritis where it modulates immune responses and inflammation. Additionally in oncology VISTA acts as an inhibitory molecule; hence targeting it can enhance anti-tumor immunity similar to therapies targeting proteins like PD-1 and PD-L1. Understanding VISTA's intricate connections helps in developing therapies for these diseases.