Recombinant Rat IL-9 Protein Standard (His tag)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) sometimes known as a T-cell growth factor is a cytokine with a molecular mass of approximately 14-19 kDa. It is primarily expressed by T helper cells particularly Th2 and Th9 cells. IL-9 comes from the IL-9 gene and plays a significant role in the immune system by affecting various cell types such as mast cells B cells and epithelial cells. Researchers first identified it in the late 1980s and it has continued to be an area of interest due to its diverse functions.

Biological function summary

IL-9 influences immune responses and is important for various processes including cell proliferation and survival. IL-9 activates mast cells which play role in allergy response. It also affects the growth and differentiation of T cells and enhances the function of dendritic cells. IL-9 operates individually and not as part of a larger complex but works closely with its receptor IL-9R to initiate downstream signaling events.

Pathways

Cytokine signaling pathways and JAK-STAT signaling pathways integrate IL-9's function in the immune system. IL-9 activates the JAK-STAT pathway particularly involving proteins like JAK1 and STATs to relay signals that promote immune cell growth and survival. This cytokine also interlinks with other cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 playing role in immune regulation and inflammatory responses.

IL-9 shows strong correlation with asthma and certain types of cancers particularly Hodgkin's lymphoma. In asthma overproduction of IL-9 can lead to increased mucus production and airway hyperresponsiveness. This relationship makes it a potential target for blocking therapies in asthma treatment. Higher levels of IL-9 correlate with poorer prognosis in some cancers indicating its potential role in tumor growth and immune evasion possibly interacting with IL-6 in such conditions.