Recombinant Rat NLRP3 Protein Standard (His tag)

Specifications

Form

Liquid

General info

Function

Sensor component of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which mediates inflammasome activation in response to defects in membrane integrity, leading to secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL1B and IL18 and pyroptosis. In response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals that affect the integrity of membranes, initiates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex composed of NLRP3, CASP1 and PYCARD/ASC. Recruitment of pro-caspase-1 (proCASP1) to the NLRP3 inflammasome promotes caspase-1 (CASP1) activation, which subsequently cleaves and activates inflammatory cytokines IL1B and IL18 and gasdermin-D (GSDMD), promoting cytokine secretion and pyroptosis. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is also required for HMGB1 secretion; stimulating inflammatory responses (By similarity). Under resting conditions, ADP-bound NLRP3 is autoinhibited (By similarity). NLRP3 activation stimuli include extracellular ATP, nigericin, reactive oxygen species, crystals of monosodium urate or cholesterol, amyloid-beta fibers, environmental or industrial particles and nanoparticles, such as asbestos, silica, aluminum salts, cytosolic dsRNA, etc. Almost all stimuli trigger intracellular K(+) efflux (By similarity). These stimuli lead to membrane perturbation and activation of NLRP3 (By similarity). Upon activation, NLRP3 is transported to microtubule organizing center (MTOC), where it is unlocked by NEK7, leading to its relocalization to dispersed trans-Golgi network (dTGN) vesicle membranes and formation of an active inflammasome complex. Associates with dTGN vesicle membranes by binding to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P). Shows ATPase activity (By similarity).. Independently of inflammasome activation, regulates the differentiation of T helper 2 (Th2) cells and has a role in Th2 cell-dependent asthma and tumor growth. During Th2 differentiation, required for optimal IRF4 binding to IL4 promoter and for IRF4-dependent IL4 transcription. Binds to the consensus DNA sequence 5'-GRRGGNRGAG-3'. May also participate in the transcription of IL5, IL13, GATA3, CCR3, CCR4 and MAF.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the NLRP family.

Post-translational modifications

Phosphorylation by MAPK8/JNK1 increases inflammasome activation by promoting deubiquitination by BRCC3 and NLRP3 homooligomerization. Phosphorylation at Ser-805 by CSNK1A1 prevents inflammasome activation by preventing NEK7 recruitment. Phosphorylation at Ser-5 in the pyrin domain inhibits homomultimerization of NLRP3 and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome: dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) promotes assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Phosphorylation at Ser-293 by PKD/PRKD1 promotes NLRP3 inflammasome assembly (By similarity). Phosphorylation by ERK1/MAPK3 promotes NLRP3 inflammasome assembly (By similarity). Phosphorylation by BTK (at Tyr-134, Tyr-138 and Tyr-166) in the region that mediates binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphate, promotes relocalization of NLRP3 and assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Phosphorylation at Tyr-860 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome assembly: dephosphorylation by PTPN22 promotes inflammasome activation (By similarity).. Ubiquitinated; undergoes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination. Ubiquitination does not lead to degradation, but inhibits inflammasome activation. Deubiquitination is catalyzed by BRCC3 and associated with NLRP3 activation and inflammasome assembly. This process can be induced by the activation of Toll-like receptors (by LPS), through a non-transcriptional pathway dependent on the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species, and by ATP. Ubiquitinated by TRIM31 via 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitination, leading to its degradation by the proteasome (By similarity). Ubiquitinated at Lys-689 by the SCF(FBXL2) complex, leading to its degradation by the proteasome (By similarity). Ubiquitinated by TRIM35 via 'lys-48' and 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination leading to inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation (By similarity).. The disulfide bond in the pyrin domain might play a role in reactive oxygen species-mediated activation.. Palmitoylation by ZDHHC12 inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting NLRP3 degradation by the chaperone-mediated autophagy pathway. Following palmitoylation, HSPA8/HSC70 recognizes and binds the KFERQ-like motifs on NLRP3 and promotes NLRP3 recruitment to lysosomes, where it is degraded via the chaperone-mediated autophagy pathway in a LAMP2-dependent process. Palmitoylation by ZDHHC5 enhances its binding to NEK7 leading to inflammasome assembly and activation. Depalmitoylated by ABHD17A.. Degraded via selective autophagy following interaction with IRGM. IRGM promotes NLRP3 recruitment to autophagosome membranes, promoting its SQSTM1/p62-dependent autophagy-dependent degradation.

Subcellular localisation

Nucleus