Recombinant Rat PD1 protein (His tag) is a Fragment protein, in the 25 to 167 aa range, expressed in HEK 293, with >95% purity, < 1 EU/µg endotoxin level and suitable for SDS-PAGE.
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Key facts
- Purity
>95% SDS-PAGE
- Endotoxin level
< 1 EU/µg
- Expression system
HEK 293 cells
- Tags
His tag C-Terminus
- Applications
SDS-PAGE
- Biologically active
No
Amino acid sequence
L E V L N K P W R P L T F S P T W L T V S E G A N A T F T C S F S N W S E D L K L N W Y R L S P S N Q T E K Q A A F C N G Y S Q P V R D A R F Q I V Q L P N G H D F H M N I L D A R R N D S G I Y L C G A I S L P P K A Q I K E S P G A E L V V T E R I L E T P T R Y P R P S P K P E G Q F Q
Reactivity data
| Application | Reactivity | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
Application SDS-PAGE | Reactivity Reacts | Dilution info - | Notes - |
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Recombinant Rat PD1 protein (His tag) is a Fragment protein, in the 25 to 167 aa range, expressed in HEK 293, with >95% purity, < 1 EU/µg endotoxin level and suitable for SDS-PAGE.
Key facts
- Purity
>95% SDS-PAGE
- Endotoxin level
< 1 EU/µg
- Expression system
HEK 293 cells
- Tags
His tag C-Terminus
- Applications
SDS-PAGE
- Biologically active
No
- Animal free
No
- Reconstitution
Reconstitute with sterile deionized water to a concentration of 400 µg/ml.
- Concentration
- Storage buffer
pH: 7.4
Constituents: 95% PBS, 5% Trehalose
Sequence info
Amino acid sequence
L E V L N K P W R P L T F S P T W L T V S E G A N A T F T C S F S N W S E D L K L N W Y R L S P S N Q T E K Q A A F C N G Y S Q P V R D A R F Q I V Q L P N G H D F H M N I L D A R R N D S G I Y L C G A I S L P P K A Q I K E S P G A E L V V T E R I L E T P T R Y P R P S P K P E G Q F Q
- Protein length
Fragment
- Predicted molecular weight
18.1 kDa
- Amino acids
25 to 167
- Nature
Recombinant
- Tags
His tag C-Terminus
Specifications
- Form
Lyophilized
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
- Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
Notes
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is also known as CD279 and PDCD1, is a type I membrane protein and is a member of the extended CD28/CTLA-4 family of T cell regulators. PDCD1 is expressed on the surface of activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, myeloid cells and a subset of thymocytes. PD-1 has two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, which are members of the B7 family. PD-L1 is expressed on almost all murine tumor cell lines, including PA1 myeloma, P815 mastocytoma, and B16 melanoma upon treatment with IFN-γ. PD-L2 expression is more restricted and is expressed mainly by DCs and a few tumor lines. PD1 inhibits the T-cell proliferation and production of related cytokines including IL-1, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ by suppressing the activation and transduction of PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, coligation of PD1 inhibits BCR-mediating signal by dephosphorylating key signal transducer. In vitro, treatment of anti-CD3 stimulated T cells with PD-L1-Ig results in reduced T cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion. Monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 that boost the immune system are being developed for the treatment of cancer.
Supplementary info
- Activity summary
PD1 also known as Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 or PDCD1 is a transmembrane protein that plays a critical role in regulating immune responses. It has a mass of approximately 55 kDa. PD1 is expressed on the surface of T cells B cells and some myeloid cells. PD1’s expression increases upon activation of these immune cells assisting in maintaining peripheral tolerance. Researchers often use PD1 mouse models and chimeric antibodies to explore the function of PD1 for experimental purposes. Antibodies such as anti-PD1 such as EH12.2H7 help in blocking PD1 interaction to study its role further.
- Biological function summary
PD1 serves as an inhibitory receptor acting as a checkpoint in the immune system. It becomes part of an immune-suppressive complex when it binds with its ligands PD-L1 or PD-L2 which are expressed on various cell types including some tumor cells. This interaction suppresses the proliferation of T cells and cytokine production contributing to immune homeostasis. By controlling T cell activity PD1 limits autoimmunity but can also reduce the immune system's capability to attack cancer cells.
- Pathways
PD1 functions in the immune checkpoint pathway a critical regulatory circuit in immune regulation. The engagement of PD1 with its ligands initiates a cascade that inhibits the function and proliferation of T cells through downstream SHP-2 phosphatase activity. This pathway frequently involves other regulatory proteins like CTLA-4 and is an important mechanism by which the body modulates immune responses. Related pathways often intersect with those involving T cell receptor signaling and contribute to the overall modulation of immune activity.
- Associated diseases and disorders
PD1 has a significant role in cancer and autoimmune disorders. PD1 expression can allow tumors to evade immune surveillance making PD1 a target for cancer therapies such as anti-PD1 antibodies which aim to block PD1 and restore T cell activity. The interaction of PD1 with cancer-related proteins like PD-L1 facilitates tumor immune evasion. In autoimmune disorders PD1’s regulation of immune balance can become dysregulated leading to persistent immune activation and tissue damage. Understanding PD1 and its interaction with proteins such as PD-L1 helps in developing therapeutic strategies for both cancer and autoimmune conditions.
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2 product images
SDS-PAGE - Recombinant Rat PD1 protein (His tag) (ab221409)
Rat PD-1, His Tag (ab221409) on SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) condition. The gel was stained overnight with Coomassie Blue. The purity of the protein is greater than 95%.
ELISA - Recombinant Rat PD1 protein (His tag) (ab221409)
Immobilized ab221409 at 2 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind Biotinylated Human PD-L1, Mouse IgG2a Fc, Avitag with a linear range of 0.02-0.313 μg/mL (QC tested).
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