Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein RBD (mutated K417T) (Active)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) commonly referred to as 'anti-RBD' or 'COVID-19 RBD' plays a critical role in the viral entry mechanism of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The RBD is part of the larger Spike (S) glycoprotein which has a molecular mass of about 180 kDa. This RBD is located on the surface of the virus and is responsible for binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on host cells. Expression of the RBD occurs in the Spike protein which is synthesized during the viral replication cycle in infected host cells.

Biological function summary

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein RBD initiates attachment to host cells by specifically binding to the ACE2 receptor facilitating viral entry. The RBD is part of a larger trimeric complex where each monomer consists of an S1 and S2 domain. The S1 domain which includes the RBD is important for receptor binding while the S2 domain aids in membrane fusion. By mediating these initial interactions with host cells the RBD dictates the entry and infectivity of the virus.

Pathways

The interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD with ACE2 is an important event in the entry pathways of the virus. This interaction triggers a cascade of events leading to endocytosis and viral replication. The virus utilizes the cellular machinery by hijacking the ACE2-mediated entry pathway which involves proteolytic processing by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). The RBD's role connects closely with these proteins playing a vital part in both viral fusion and endocytosis pathways.

The RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein is directly connected to COVID-19 the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This domain is a target for neutralizing antibodies such as 'anti-RBD' which can block the interaction with ACE2 potentially preventing infection. Additionally the RBD is implicated in COVID-19-related syndromes and conditions including severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Spike glycoprotein's significant interaction with ACE2 plays a role in the pathogenesis of these conditions by facilitating viral entry and propagation.