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Phalloidin-iFluor 488 Reagent ab176753 is one of a series of phalloidin conjugates that bind to actin filaments, also known as F-actin.Phalloidin-iFluo 488 Reagent designed for success:- High binding affinity- Ultra-low background during cellular imaging - Can be used in a wide range of animal and plant cells- Highly cited in >250 publications


Images

Functional Studies - Phalloidin-iFluor 488 Reagent (AB176753), expandable thumbnail
  • Functional Studies - Phalloidin-iFluor 488 Reagent (AB176753), expandable thumbnail
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Phalloidin-iFluor 488 Reagent (AB176753), expandable thumbnail
  • Fluorescence Microscopy - Phalloidin-iFluor 488 Reagent (AB176753), expandable thumbnail

Publications

Key facts

Target
Beta-actin

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Target data

Function

Actin is a highly conserved protein that polymerizes to produce filaments that form cross-linked networks in the cytoplasm of cells (PubMed:25255767, PubMed:29581253). Actin exists in both monomeric (G-actin) and polymeric (F-actin) forms, both forms playing key functions, such as cell motility and contraction (PubMed:29581253). In addition to their role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, G- and F-actin also localize in the nucleus, and regulate gene transcription and motility and repair of damaged DNA (PubMed:29925947). Part of the ACTR1A/ACTB filament around which the dynactin complex is built. The dynactin multiprotein complex activates the molecular motor dynein for ultra-processive transport along microtubules (By similarity).

Alternative names

Recommended products

Phalloidin-iFluor 488 Reagent ab176753 is one of a series of phalloidin conjugates that bind to actin filaments, also known as F-actin.Phalloidin-iFluo 488 Reagent designed for success:- High binding affinity- Ultra-low background during cellular imaging - Can be used in a wide range of animal and plant cells- Highly cited in >250 publications

Key facts

Target

Beta-actin

Storage

Shipped at conditions

Blue Ice

Appropriate short-term storage conditions

-20°C

Appropriate long-term storage conditions

-20°C

Notes

Phalloidin-iFluor 488 Reagent ab176753 is one of a series of phalloidin conjugates that bind to actin filaments, also known as F-actin. The iFluor 488 dye can be easily detected with a fluorescent microscope at Ex/Em = 493/517 nm.

Our phalloidin conjugates are convenient probes for labeling, identifying and quantifying animal or plant actin filaments in formaldehyde-fixed and permeabilized tissue sections, cell cultures or cell-free experiments. They can also be used with paraffin-embedded samples that have been de-paraffinized.

Staining fixed cell or tissue samples with phalloidin conjugates is very simple; it requires a single 20-90 min incubation with the phalloidin, followed by 3 short wash steps. Phalloidin staining can be combined with antibody-based staining by adding the phalloidin conjugate during either the primary or secondary antibody incubation step.

Phalloidin protocol summary

  • - Prepare samples in microplate wells
  • - Remove liquid from samples in the plate
  • - Add Phalloidin-iFluor™ 488 Conjugate solution (100 μL/well)
  • - Stain the cells at room temperature for 20 to 90 minutes
  • - Wash the cells
  • - Examine the specimen under microscope with the appropriate filter

When used in unfixed samples, phalloidin binding leads to a decrease in the disassociation rate of actin subunits from the ends of actin filaments, essentially stabilizing actin filaments through the prevention of filament depolymerisation.

Review other popular phalloidin dye conjugates, including Phalloidin-iFluor 488 (ab176753), Phalloidin-iFluor 647 (Phalloidin-iFluor 647 Reagent ab176759), Phalloidin-iFluor 555 (Phalloidin-iFluor 555 Reagent ab176756), and Rhodamine Phalloidin (Rhodamine Phalloidin Reagent ab235138), search the website to see all phallodin conjugates, or read the phalloidin staining protocol.

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

F-actin also known as filamentous actin is an essential structural protein found within the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. Its alternate names include actin filaments or microfilaments. The protein consists of polymerized monomers of G-actin each with a molecular weight of roughly 42 kDa. F-actin is expressed abundantly in muscle cells and non-muscle cells alike providing structural support and facilitating cellular movements. Actin staining is a common method used in labs to visualize these dynamic structures often employing phalloidin staining a toxin that stabilizes actin filaments conjugated with fluorescent labels such as Phalloidin 594 Phalloidin 647 or Phalloidin 488 for imaging purposes.

Biological function summary

The actin cytoskeleton plays integral roles in maintaining cell shape providing mechanical resistance against deformation and driving important cellular processes such as endocytosis cell division and motility. F-actin forms part of numerous protein complexes interacting with other proteins like myosin to facilitate muscle contraction and cellular transport. Within cells F-actin is dynamic readily polymerizing and depolymerizing in response to cellular signaling making it essential for cytoskeletal remodeling and cellular adaptability.

Pathways

F-actin is central to various signaling cascades underlying processes like cell signaling and intracellular transport. Notably it participates in the Rho family GTPase pathway affecting cell cytoskeleton organization and motility. It also interacts with proteins like cofilin and profilin which regulate actin polymerization and treadmilling dynamics respectively. These interactions highlight F-actin's involvement in complex cellular pathway regulation processes essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and adaptability.

Associated diseases and disorders

Abnormal regulation or mutations in actin-related proteins can lead to conditions such as cancer and cardiomyopathies. For example during metastasis cancer cells exploit the dynamic nature of F-actin for enhanced migratory capacity. In cardiac muscle cells actin interacts with other proteins like tropomyosin and mutations in these genes can disrupt normal heart function leading to cardiomyopathies. As such F-actin not only represents a critical component of the cellular structure but also serves as a pivotal target for understanding disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic intervention points.

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4 product images

  • Functional Studies - Phalloidin-iFluor 488 Reagent (ab176753), expandable thumbnail
    Image courtesy of Mr. Shahar Taiber

    Functional Studies - Phalloidin-iFluor 488 Reagent (ab176753)

    ab176753 at 1/1000 dilution in PBS whole mount Immunofluorescence of Mouse inner ear sensory epithelia. Tissue was incubated for 2 hours at room temperature.

  • Functional Studies - Phalloidin-iFluor 488 Reagent (ab176753), expandable thumbnail
    Review by Dr. Jose Ramos Vivas

    Functional Studies - Phalloidin-iFluor 488 Reagent (ab176753)

    Macrophage J774A.1 cell line stained with Phalloidin 488 and DAPI nuclear counterstaining.

  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Phalloidin-iFluor 488 Reagent (ab176753), expandable thumbnail

    Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Phalloidin-iFluor 488 Reagent (ab176753)

    Actin filaments staining in HeLa cells. Actin filaments (green) were stained with CytoPainter Phalloidin-iFluor 488 reagent (ab176753); tubulin filaments were stained with a mouse anti-tubulin antibody/goat anti-mouse IgG (red). Nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342.

  • Fluorescence Microscopy - Phalloidin-iFluor 488 Reagent (ab176753), expandable thumbnail

    Fluorescence Microscopy - Phalloidin-iFluor 488 Reagent (ab176753)

    Excitation and emission spectra of phalloidin-iFluor 488 reagent.

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Product protocols

For this product, it's our understanding that no specific protocols are required. You can:

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