ACACA
GeneName
ACACA
Summary
ACACA, also known as ACC1 or acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, is a 266 kDa enzyme predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of various tissues. It plays a crucial role in fatty acid metabolism by catalysing the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, a key step in the fatty acid biosynthetic process. ACACA is involved in lipid homeostasis and responds to various cellular signals, including prostaglandins. Its activity is regulated through ATP binding and metal ion interactions, and it can form homotetramers, which is essential for its function.
Importance
ACACA is relevant to: - Metabolic disorders, particularly obesity and diabetes, due to its central role in fatty acid synthesis and regulation of lipid metabolism. - Cancer research, as altered fatty acid metabolism is often associated with tumour growth and progression. - Cardiovascular diseases, where lipid homeostasis is crucial for maintaining heart health. - Understanding the cellular response mechanisms to prostaglandins, which are involved in inflammation and other physiological processes.
Top Products
For researchers investigating ACACA, we highly recommend the top-selling recombinant antibody, Anti-Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase antibody [EP687Y] (ab45174). This antibody has been validated in knockout models, ensuring its reliability for your experiments. It is suitable for a variety of applications, most notably Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), making it a versatile tool for studying ACACA. With 79 citations, this antibody is well-regarded in the research community, reflecting its effectiveness and trustworthiness in delivering consistent results. The Anti-Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase antibody ELISA Kit (ab72046), supported by 10 citations, is an excellent option for researchers looking to accurately measure ACACA levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The ACACA gene, which plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism, has been studied in various contexts, including CHIKV replication and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The use of Abcam antibody ab45174 in both human cells and rat skeletal muscle highlights its versatility in different species and applications.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Domain
Consists of an N-terminal biotin carboxylation/carboxylase (BC) domain that catalyzes the ATP-dependent transient carboxylation of the biotin covalently attached to the central biotinyl-binding/biotin carboxyl carrier (BCC) domain (Probable). The C-terminal carboxyl transferase (CT) domain catalyzes the transfer of the carboxyl group from carboxylated biotin to acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA (Probable).
Function
Cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the first and rate-limiting step of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis (PubMed:20457939, PubMed:20952656, PubMed:29899443). This is a 2 steps reaction starting with the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the biotin carried by the biotin carboxyl carrier (BCC) domain followed by the transfer of the carboxyl group from carboxylated biotin to acetyl-CoA (PubMed:20457939, PubMed:20952656, PubMed:29899443).
Involvement in disease
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase-alpha deficiency
ACACAD
An autosomal recessive inborn error of de novo fatty acid synthesis associated with severe brain damage, persistent myopathy and poor growth.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Pathway
Lipid metabolism; malonyl-CoA biosynthesis; malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA: step 1/1.
Post-translational modifications
Phosphorylation on Ser-1263 is required for interaction with BRCA1.
Phosphorylation at Ser-80 by AMPK inactivates enzyme activity.
The biotin cofactor is covalently attached to the central biotinyl-binding domain and is required for the catalytic activity.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in brain, placenta, skeletal muscle, renal, pancreatic and adipose tissues; expressed at low level in pulmonary tissue; not detected in the liver.
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
- Cytosol
Alternative names
ACAC, ACC1, ACCA, ACACA, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase alpha, ACC-alpha
Database links
swissprot:Q13085 omim:200350 omim:601557 entrezGene:31 entrezGene:32