actba
Function
Actin is a highly conserved protein that polymerizes to produce filaments that form cross-linked networks in the cytoplasm of cells. Actin exists in both monomeric (G-actin) and polymeric (F-actin) forms, both forms playing key functions, such as cell motility and contraction. In addition to their role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, G- and F-actin also localize in the nucleus, and regulate gene transcription and motility and repair of damaged DNA.
Post-translational modifications
Actin, cytoplasmic 1
N-terminal cleavage of acetylated methionine of immature cytoplasmic actin by ACTMAP.
Oxidation of Met-44 and Met-47 by MICALs (mical1, mical2 or mical3) to form methionine sulfoxide promotes actin filament depolymerization. Mical1 and mical2 produce the (R)-S-oxide form. The (R)-S-oxide form is reverted by msrb1 and msrb2, which promote actin repolymerization (By similarity).
Methylation at His-73 by SETD3. Methylation stabilizes actin filaments.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the actin family.
Tissue Specificity
Skeletal muscle, heart, gill, digestive tissue and brain (PubMed:9987040). Widespread expression throughout the brain, with highest levels in regions where neuronal proliferation is greatest (PubMed:9987040).
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoskeleton
- Nucleus
Alternative names
bact, bactin1, bactzf, actba, Beta-actin-1