AFP
GeneName
AFP
Summary
AFP, also known as alpha fetoprotein, is a 69 kDa glycoprotein primarily expressed in the liver during fetal development and is also found in the cytoplasm and extracellular space of various tissues. It plays a role in several biological processes, including the immune response, apoptotic processes, and the regulation of cell numbers. AFP is involved in ovulation from the ovarian follicle and is associated with progesterone metabolism. Its function includes metal ion binding, which may be relevant to its role in cellular processes and homeostasis.
Importance
AFP is relevant to: - Liver development and function, particularly in fetal health and development - Cancer research, as elevated levels of AFP can indicate hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumours - Studies of reproductive biology due to its involvement in ovulation and hormonal regulation - Understanding immune responses, particularly in the context of pregnancy and immune tolerance
Top Products
For researchers investigating alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the well-cited monoclonal antibody, Anti-alpha 1 Fetoprotein antibody [AFP-01] (ab3980), which has garnered 45 citations and is particularly effective for immunocytochemistry (ICC). This product is a trusted choice for those focusing on AFP detection in cell studies. Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-alpha 1 Fetoprotein antibody [EPR9309] (ab169552), which has been validated for a broader range of applications, including immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blotting (WB), flow cytometry (FC), and immunoprecipitation (IP). With 19 citations, this recombinant antibody provides the batch-to-batch consistency that many researchers value. Together, these antibodies provide robust options for studying AFP in various experimental contexts. The Recombinant Human AFP + collagen type I protein ELISA Kit (ab169893) is an excellent option for researchers looking to measure AFP levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The use of Abcam antibody ab46799 for detecting AFP in mouse liver tissues highlights its relevance in studies focused on tumor antigens, particularly in the context of liver cancer.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Developmental stage
Occurs in the plasma of fetuses more than 4 weeks old, reaches the highest levels during the 12th-16th week of gestation, and drops to trace amounts after birth. The serum level in adults is usually less than 40 ng/ml. AFP also occurs at high levels in the plasma and ascitic fluid of adults with hepatoma.
Function
Binds copper, nickel, and fatty acids as well as, and bilirubin less well than, serum albumin. Only a small percentage (less than 2%) of the human AFP shows estrogen-binding properties.
Involvement in disease
Alpha-fetoprotein deficiency
AFPD
A benign condition characterized by undetectable AFP levels in the amniotic fluid. Affected individuals are asymptomatic and present normal development.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Alpha-fetoprotein, hereditary persistence
HPAFP
A benign autosomal dominant condition characterized by continued expression of alpha-fetoprotein in adult life.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Post-translational modifications
Independent studies suggest heterogeneity of the N-terminal sequence of the mature protein and of the cleavage site of the signal sequence.
Sulfated.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the ALB/AFP/VDB family.
Tissue Specificity
Plasma. Synthesized by the fetal liver and yolk sac.
Cellular localization
- Secreted
Alternative names
HPAFP, AFP, Alpha-fetoprotein, Alpha-1-fetoprotein, Alpha-fetoglobulin