AGER
GeneName
AGER
Summary
AGER, also known as RAGE, is a 43kDa transmembrane receptor that is primarily expressed in various tissues, including the brain, lungs, and immune cells. It is localised at the plasma membrane and plays a critical role in receptor-mediated signalling pathways, particularly in response to advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and amyloid-beta. AGER is involved in numerous biological processes such as inflammation, phagocytosis, and the regulation of immune responses. Its interactions with ligands can lead to the activation of various signalling cascades, influencing processes like T cell proliferation and synaptic plasticity.
Importance
AGER is relevant to: - Neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, due to its role in amyloid-beta binding and modulation of inflammatory responses. - Diabetes and its complications, as it mediates the effects of AGEs on vascular and tissue damage. - Immune responses and chronic inflammation, given its involvement in the regulation of cytokine production and chemotaxis. - Cancer biology, where it may influence tumour progression and metastasis through its effects on cell adhesion and migration.
Top Products
For researchers investigating AGER, we recommend two primary antibodies that stand out for their performance. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-RAGE antibody (ab37647), which has garnered 90 citations, reflecting its reliability in the field. This antibody is suitable for various applications, including Western blotting (WB), immunocytochemistry (ICC), and flow cytometry (FC), making it a versatile choice for your research needs.Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-RAGE antibody [EPR12206] (ab172473). This monoclonal antibody has been validated for use in Western blotting (WB) and provides the batch-to-batch consistency that researchers often seek in their experiments. With 7 citations, it is gaining traction in the research community. Together, these antibodies provide robust options for studying AGER effectively. The Recombinant Human RAGE protein ELISA Kit (ab283473) is an excellent option for researchers looking to measure AGER levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that AGER is being studied in various contexts, particularly in relation to human cells and mouse tissues. The focus appears to be on its role in tumor cell interactions, Aβ peptide transport, and viral propagation, highlighting its potential significance in cancer and neurodegenerative research.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Cell surface pattern recognition receptor that senses endogenous stress signals with a broad ligand repertoire including advanced glycation end products, S100 proteins, high-mobility group box 1 protein/HMGB1, amyloid beta/APP oligomers, nucleic acids, phospholipids and glycosaminoglycans (PubMed:27572515, PubMed:28515150, PubMed:34743181). Advanced glycosylation end products are nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins which accumulate in vascular tissue in aging and at an accelerated rate in diabetes (PubMed:21565706). These ligands accumulate at inflammatory sites during the pathogenesis of various diseases, including diabetes, vascular complications, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancers and RAGE transduces their binding into pro-inflammatory responses. Upon ligand binding, uses TIRAP and MYD88 as adapters to transduce the signal ultimately leading to the induction or inflammatory cytokines IL6, IL8 and TNFalpha through activation of NF-kappa-B (PubMed:21829704, PubMed:33436632). Interaction with S100A12 on endothelium, mononuclear phagocytes, and lymphocytes triggers cellular activation, with generation of key pro-inflammatory mediators (PubMed:19386136). Interaction with S100B after myocardial infarction may play a role in myocyte apoptosis by activating ERK1/2 and p53/TP53 signaling (By similarity). Contributes to the translocation of amyloid-beta peptide (ABPP) across the cell membrane from the extracellular to the intracellular space in cortical neurons (PubMed:19906677). ABPP-initiated RAGE signaling, especially stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), has the capacity to drive a transport system delivering ABPP as a complex with RAGE to the intraneuronal space. Participates in endothelial albumin transcytosis together with HMGB1 through the RAGE/SRC/Caveolin-1 pathway, leading to endothelial hyperpermeability (PubMed:27572515). Mediates the loading of HMGB1 in extracellular vesicles (EVs) that shuttle HMGB1 to hepatocytes by transferrin-mediated endocytosis and subsequently promote hepatocyte pyroptosis by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome (PubMed:34743181). Promotes also extracellular hypomethylated DNA (CpG DNA) uptake by cells via the endosomal route to activate inflammatory responses (PubMed:24081950, PubMed:28515150).
Post-translational modifications
Phosphorylated on its cytoplasmic domain by PKCzeta/PRKCZ upon ligand binding.
Targeted by the ubiquitin E3 ligase subunit FBXO10 to mediate its ubiquitination and degradation.
Tissue Specificity
Endothelial cells.
Cellular localization
- Isoform 1
- Cell membrane
- Single-pass type I membrane protein
- Isoform 2
- Secreted
- Isoform 10
- Cell membrane
- Single-pass type I membrane protein
Alternative names
RAGE, AGER, Advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor, Receptor for advanced glycosylation end products
Database links
swissprot:Q15109 omim:600214 entrezGene:177
Other research areas
- Neuroscience