ALDH1A1
GeneName
ALDH1A1
Summary
ALDH1A1, also known as aldehyde dehydrogenase or ALDH1, is a 55 kDa enzyme that plays a vital role in the detoxification of aldehydes by catalysing their conversion to carboxylic acids. It is expressed in various tissues, including the liver, brain, and eye, and is localised primarily in the cytoplasm and cytosol, with additional presence in axons and synapses. The enzyme is involved in several biological processes, including the metabolism of retinoids and the maintenance of lens transparency, and possesses multiple enzymatic activities such as acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and retinal dehydrogenase activities.
Importance
ALDH1A1 is relevant to: - The metabolism of retinoids, which are essential for vision and cellular differentiation - Cellular detoxification mechanisms that protect against aldehyde-induced toxicity - The regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis, impacting neurotransmission - Potential implications in lens transparency maintenance, which is critical for eye health
Top Products
For researchers investigating ALDH1A1, we highly recommend the top-selling recombinant monoclonal antibody, Anti-ALDH1A1 antibody [EP1933Y] - C-terminal (ab52492). This antibody has been validated in knockout models, ensuring its reliability in various applications, including Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), flow cytometry (FC), and immunoprecipitation (IP). With 202 citations, it is well-regarded in the research community, making it an excellent choice for those seeking robust and consistent results in their studies of ALDH1A1. The Human ALDH1A1 ELISA Kit (ab214024) is a reliable option for researchers looking to measure ALDH1A1 levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates a strong focus on the role of ALDH1A1 in various cancer contexts, particularly in human tumour cell cultures and specific cancer types such as breast and endometrial cancers. The use of multiple applications, including western blotting and immunohistochemistry, highlights the importance of this target in understanding cancer stem cell properties and tumourigenic mechanisms.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Cytosolic dehydrogenase that catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of a wide range of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acid (PubMed:12941160, PubMed:15623782, PubMed:17175089, PubMed:19296407, PubMed:25450233, PubMed:26373694). Functions downstream of retinol dehydrogenases and catalyzes the oxidation of retinaldehyde into retinoic acid, the second step in the oxidation of retinol/vitamin A into retinoic acid (By similarity). This pathway is crucial to control the levels of retinol and retinoic acid, two important molecules which excess can be teratogenic and cytotoxic (By similarity). Also oxidizes aldehydes resulting from lipid peroxidation like (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal/HNE, malonaldehyde and hexanal that form protein adducts and are highly cytotoxic. By participating for instance to the clearance of (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal/HNE in the lens epithelium prevents the formation of HNE-protein adducts and lens opacification (PubMed:12941160, PubMed:15623782, PubMed:19296407). Functions also downstream of fructosamine-3-kinase in the fructosamine degradation pathway by catalyzing the oxidation of 3-deoxyglucosone, the carbohydrate product of fructosamine 3-phosphate decomposition, which is itself a potent glycating agent that may react with lysine and arginine side-chains of proteins (PubMed:17175089). Has also an aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity and is probably part of an alternative pathway for the biosynthesis of GABA/4-aminobutanoate in midbrain, thereby playing a role in GABAergic synaptic transmission (By similarity).
Pathway
Cofactor metabolism; retinol metabolism.
Post-translational modifications
The N-terminus is blocked most probably by acetylation.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed by erythrocytes (at protein level).
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
- Cytosol
- Cell projection
- Axon
Alternative names
ALDC, ALDH1, PUMB1, ALDH1A1, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1, 3-deoxyglucosone dehydrogenase, ALDH-E1, ALHDII, Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1, Retinal dehydrogenase 1, RALDH 1, RalDH1
Database links
swissprot:P00352 omim:100640 entrezGene:216
Other research areas
- Neuroscience