Amh
Function
Plays an important role in several reproductive functions. Induces Muellerian duct regression during male fetal sexual differentiation and plays a role in Leydig cell differentiation and function (By similarity). In female acts as a negative regulator of the primordial to primary follicle transition and decreases FSH sensitivity of growing follicles. AMH signals by binding to a specific type-II receptor, AMHR2, that heterodimerizes with type-I receptors (ACVR1 and BMPR1A), and recruiting SMAD proteins that are translocated to the nucleus to regulate target gene expression (By similarity).
Post-translational modifications
Preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate N- and C-terminal cleavage products that homodimerize and associate to form a biologically active non-covalent complex. Binding of the non-covalent complex to AMHR2 induces dissociation of the pro-region from the mature C-terminal dimer. The N-terminal portion of the protein, despite having no intrinsic activity, has the role of amplifying the activity of the C-terminus.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the TGF-beta family.
Tissue Specificity
Mainly expressed in granulosa cells from preantral and small antral follicles.
Cellular localization
- Secreted
Alternative names
Muellerian-inhibiting factor, Anti-Muellerian hormone, Muellerian-inhibiting substance, AMH, MIS, Amh