ANG
GeneName
ANG
Summary
ANG, also known as Ang-1 or ribonuclease A, is a 17 kDa secreted protein that plays a vital role in various biological processes including angiogenesis and cell communication. It is expressed in multiple tissues and localises to the cytoplasm, nucleus, and extracellular space, among other cellular components. ANG exhibits endonuclease activity, enabling it to bind to RNA and participate in RNA metabolism. Additionally, it is involved in actin filament polymerization and has functions related to immune responses, such as the antibacterial humoral response and the regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Importance
ANG is relevant to: - Angiogenesis and vascular development, which are crucial for tissue repair and regeneration - Immune responses, particularly in the context of antimicrobial activity and inflammation - Cancer research, as it may influence tumour angiogenesis and metastasis - Neurobiology, given its role in neuronal cell body functions and stress granule assembly.
Top Products
For researchers investigating ANG, we recommend two primary antibodies that offer excellent performance. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-Angiogenin antibody (ab139947), which is highly regarded for its effectiveness in Western blotting (WB) and has garnered 4 citations, reflecting its reliability in the field. Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-Angiogenin antibody [EPR27470-43] (ab308074), which is also suitable for WB. This recombinant product ensures batch-to-batch consistency, making it an ideal choice for those requiring dependable results in their experiments. The Recombinant Human Angiogenin protein (denatured) ELISA Kit (ab177677) is an excellent option for researchers looking to study angiogenin in their experiments.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that ANG antibodies have been utilised in various experimental contexts, including studies on intracerebral hemorrhage in rats and expression analysis in human bladder cell lines. This suggests a potential role for ANG in both neurological and urological research.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Developmental stage
Low level expression in the developing fetus, increased in the neonate, and maximal in the adult.
Function
Secreted ribonuclease that can either promote or restrict cell proliferation of target cells, depending on the context (PubMed:12051708, PubMed:1400510, PubMed:19332886, PubMed:20129916, PubMed:21855800, PubMed:23047679, PubMed:23843625, PubMed:2424496, PubMed:2459697, PubMed:2730651, PubMed:27518564, PubMed:28176817, PubMed:29100074, PubMed:29748193, PubMed:3122207, PubMed:32510170, PubMed:38718836, PubMed:8159680, PubMed:8570639, PubMed:8622921, PubMed:9578571). Endocytosed in target cells via its receptor PLXNB2 and translocates to the cytoplasm or nucleus (PubMed:29100074, PubMed:32510170). Under stress conditions, localizes to the cytoplasm and promotes the assembly of stress granules (SGs): specifically cleaves a subset of tRNAs within anticodon loops to produce tRNA-derived stress-induced fragments (tiRNAs), resulting in translation repression and inhibition of cell proliferation (PubMed:1400510, PubMed:19332886, PubMed:20129916, PubMed:21855800, PubMed:23047679, PubMed:27518564, PubMed:29100074, PubMed:29748193, PubMed:32510170, PubMed:38718836). tiRNas also prevent formation of apoptosome, thereby promoting cell survival (By similarity). Preferentially cleaves RNAs between a pyrimidine and an adenosine residue, suggesting that it cleaves the anticodon loop of tRNA(Ala) (32-UUAGCAU-38) after positions 33 and 36 (PubMed:3289612, PubMed:38718836). Cleaves a subset of tRNAs, including tRNA(Ala), tRNA(Glu), tRNA(Gly), tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Val), tRNA(His), tRNA(Asp) and tRNA(Sec) (PubMed:31582561). Under growth conditions and in differentiated cells, translocates to the nucleus and stimulates ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, including that containing the initiation site sequences of 45S rRNA, thereby promoting cell growth and proliferation (PubMed:12051708, PubMed:15735021, PubMed:27518564, PubMed:29100074, PubMed:8127865). Angiogenin induces vascularization of normal and malignant tissues via its ability to promote rRNA transcription (PubMed:19354288, PubMed:4074709, PubMed:8448182). Involved in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) growth and survival by promoting rRNA transcription in growth conditions and inhibiting translation in response to stress, respectively (PubMed:27518564). Mediates the crosstalk between myeloid and intestinal epithelial cells to protect the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity: secreted by myeloid cells and promotes intestinal epithelial cells proliferation and survival (PubMed:32510170). Also mediates osteoclast-endothelial cell crosstalk in growing bone: produced by osteoclasts and protects the neighboring vascular cells against senescence by promoting rRNA transcription (By similarity).
Involvement in disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 9
ALS9
A neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper motor neurons in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord, resulting in fatal paralysis. Sensory abnormalities are absent. The pathologic hallmarks of the disease include pallor of the corticospinal tract due to loss of motor neurons, presence of ubiquitin-positive inclusions within surviving motor neurons, and deposition of pathologic aggregates. The etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is likely to be multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. The disease is inherited in 5-10% of the cases.
None
Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the pancreatic ribonuclease family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed predominantly in the liver (PubMed:2440105). Also detected in endothelial cells and spinal cord neurons (PubMed:17886298, PubMed:2440105).
Cellular localization
- Secreted
- Nucleus
- Nucleus
- Nucleolus
- Cytoplasm
- Stress granule
- The secreted protein is rapidly endocytosed by target cells following interaction with PLXNB2 receptor and translocated to the cytoplasm and nucleus (PubMed:29100074). In the nucleus, accumulates in the nucleolus and binds to DNA (PubMed:12051708).
Alternative names
RNASE5, ANG, Angiogenin, Ribonuclease 5, RNase 5