ANO1
GeneName
ANO1
Summary
ANO1, also known as TMEM16A, DOG1, or anoctamin-1, is a 114 kDa protein that functions primarily as a calcium-activated chloride channel. It is expressed in various tissues, including epithelial cells, and is localised to the apical plasma membrane and presynaptic regions. ANO1 plays a role in chloride transport and is involved in several physiological processes such as mucus secretion and the sensory perception of pain. The protein also participates in intracellular signalling pathways and can form homodimers, contributing to its functional versatility in cellular processes.
Importance
ANO1 is relevant to: - The regulation of epithelial ion transport, which is crucial for maintaining fluid homeostasis and mucus secretion in various tissues. - Pain sensation pathways, particularly in response to temperature stimuli, implicating it in nociceptive signalling. - The modulation of insulin secretion, linking it to metabolic processes and potential implications in diabetes research. - Its role in glial cell projection elongation, suggesting involvement in neurodevelopmental processes and neural function.
Top Products
For researchers investigating ANO1, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-TMEM16A antibody (ab53212), which has garnered 115 citations, reflecting its reliability and trust within the scientific community. This antibody is particularly effective for Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-TMEM16A antibody [SP31] (ab64085). This monoclonal antibody has been validated for a broader range of applications, including WB, IHC, immunocytochemistry (ICC), and flow cytometry (FC). With 61 citations, it is also gaining recognition among researchers. The recombinant nature of this antibody ensures consistent performance across experiments, making it an excellent choice for those requiring dependable results in their studies of ANO1.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that ANO1 is primarily studied in human cancer contexts, particularly gastric and colorectal cancers, using techniques such as Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. There is also research involving mouse models, particularly in studies related to vascular remodeling and nasal gland expression. The focus on pharmacological inhibition of ANO1 suggests its potential role in cancer therapy.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Developmental stage
In airway epithelial cells, highly expressed during cell proliferation with levels decreasing as cell differentiation progresses (at protein level).
Domain
The region spanning the fifth and sixth transmembrane domains probably forms the pore-forming region.
Function
Calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) (PubMed:20056604, PubMed:22178883, PubMed:22946059, PubMed:32487539). Plays a role in transepithelial anion transport and smooth muscle contraction. Required for the normal functioning of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) which generate electrical pacemaker activity in gastrointestinal smooth muscles. Acts as a major contributor to basal and stimulated chloride conductance in airway epithelial cells and plays an important role in tracheal cartilage development. Required for CFTR activation by enhancing endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) store release and is also required for CFTR membrane expression (PubMed:28963502). Required for basal and ATP-dependent mucus secretion in airways and intestine, probably by controlling exocytosis of mucus-filled granules by providing Ca(2+) to an apical signaling compartment (By similarity). Contributes to airway mucus expression induced by interleukins IL3 and IL8 and by the asthma-associated protein CLCA1 and is required for expression of mucin MUC5AC (PubMed:33026825). However, was shown in another study not to be required for MUC5AC expression (PubMed:31732694). Plays a role in the propagation of Ca(2+) waves in Kolliker's organ in the cochlea and contributes to the refinement of auditory brainstem circuitries prior to hearing onset (By similarity). In vomeronasal sensory neurons, modulates spontaneous firing patterns in the absence of stimuli as well as the firing pattern of pheromone-evoked activity (By similarity). Responsible for calcium-activated chloride channel activity in type I taste cells of the vallate papillae (By similarity). Acts as a heat sensor in nociceptive neurons (By similarity). In dorsal root ganglion neurons, plays a role in mediating non-histaminergic Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor (MRGPR)-dependent itching, acting as a downstream effector of MRGPRs (By similarity). In the developing brain, required for the Ca(2+)-dependent process extension of radial glial cells (By similarity).
Isoform 4
Calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC). Contributes to calcium-activated chloride secretion in human sweat gland epithelial cells. Shows increased basal chloride permeability and decreased Ca(2+)-induced chloride permeability.
Isoform 5
Calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC). Shows increased sensitivity to intracellular Ca(2+).
Involvement in disease
Intestinal dysmotility syndrome
IDMTS
An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired intestinal peristalsis, recurrent episodes of haemorrhagic diarrhea, and distention of intestinal loops. Intestinal and hepatic portal venous gas, dysmorphic features, and developmental delay may also be present.
None
The disease may be caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Moyamoya disease 7
MYMY7
A form of Moyamoya disease, a progressive cerebral angiopathy characterized by bilateral intracranial carotid artery stenosis and telangiectatic vessels in the region of the basal ganglia. The abnormal vessels resemble a 'puff of smoke' (moyamoya) on cerebral angiogram. Affected individuals can develop transient ischemic attacks and/or cerebral infarction, and rupture of the collateral vessels can cause intracranial hemorrhage. Hemiplegia of sudden onset and epileptic seizures constitute the prevailing presentation in childhood, while subarachnoid bleeding occurs more frequently in adults. MYMY7 inheritance can be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive.
None
The disease may be caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the anoctamin family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in nasal epithelial cells (at protein level) (PubMed:32487539). In the kidney, expressed in the collecting duct (at protein level) (PubMed:24913262). Broadly expressed with higher levels in liver, skeletal muscle and gastrointestinal muscles (PubMed:15215166, PubMed:16906560). Expressed in eccrine sweat glands (PubMed:25220078).
Cellular localization
- Apical cell membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
- Presynapse
- In differentiating airway epithelial cells, predominantly intracellular at day 0 but is apically localized by day 30. Expressed in the presynapse of retinal neurons (By similarity).
Alternative names
DOG1, ORAOV2, TAOS2, TMEM16A, ANO1, Anoctamin-1, Discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumors protein 1, Oral cancer overexpressed protein 2, Transmembrane protein 16A, Tumor-amplified and overexpressed sequence 2