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APC

GeneName

APC

Summary

APC, also known as adenomatous polyposis coli protein, mAPC, or hAPC, is a 312 kDa protein that plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes, including cell adhesion, migration, and the regulation of the Wnt signalling pathway. It is primarily localised in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and at cell junctions, particularly adherens junctions and tight junctions. APC is involved in the assembly of bicellular tight junctions and the maintenance of cell polarity, and it functions as a negative regulator of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway by promoting the degradation of beta-catenin. Additionally, APC is associated with microtubule dynamics and is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and DNA damage response.

Importance

APC is relevant to: - The study of colorectal cancer, as mutations in the APC gene are commonly associated with familial adenomatous polyposis and sporadic colorectal cancer. - Understanding cell adhesion and migration processes, which are critical in developmental biology and tissue engineering. - Research on Wnt signalling and its implications in various developmental and pathological conditions, including cancer and stem cell biology. - Investigating the mechanisms of mitotic spindle assembly and function, which are essential for proper cell division and genomic stability.

Top Products

For researchers investigating APC, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the well-cited monoclonal antibody, Anti-APC antibody [CC-1] (ab16794), which has garnered 160 citations, highlighting its reliability in immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), and flow cytometry (FC). This antibody is a trusted choice for those looking to study APC in various applications. Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-APC antibody [EP701Y] (ab40778). This product has been validated in multiple applications, including IHC, western blotting (WB), ICC, immunoprecipitation (IP), and FC, making it a versatile option for researchers seeking consistent performance across experiments. With 41 citations, it is also gaining recognition in the field. Together, these antibodies provide robust tools for studying APC effectively.

Abcam Product Citation Summary

The data indicates that APC antibodies from Abcam have been utilised in various studies focusing on spinal cord injury and cardiac function, particularly in the context of the WNT pathway and myocardial infarction. The use of both immunohistochemistry and western blotting highlights the versatility of these antibodies in different experimental setups.

Abcam Product Citation Table

Product Code
Species
Application
Study Context
PMID
ab16794
Rat
IHC-IF
Spinal cord injury
25569099
ab40778
Mouse
WB
WNT pathway
32327611
ab40778
Mouse
WB
Cardiac function post-myocardial infarction
32327611

Domain

The microtubule tip localization signal (MtLS) motif; mediates interaction with MAPRE1 and targeting to the growing microtubule plus ends.

The basic region (residues 2167-2674) mediates the association with both microtubule and actin proteins and promotes the bundling of F-actin.

Function

Tumor suppressor. Promotes rapid degradation of CTNNB1 and participates in Wnt signaling as a negative regulator. APC activity is correlated with its phosphorylation state. Activates the GEF activity of SPATA13 and ARHGEF4. Plays a role in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced cell migration. Required for MMP9 up-regulation via the JNK signaling pathway in colorectal tumor cells. Associates with both microtubules and actin filaments, components of the cytoskeleton (PubMed:17293347). Plays a role in mediating the organization of F-actin into ordered bundles (PubMed:17293347). Functions downstream of Rho GTPases and DIAPH1 to selectively stabilize microtubules (By similarity). Acts as a mediator of ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. It is required for the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane and this localization of MACF1 is critical for its function in microtubule stabilization.

Involvement in disease

Familial adenomatous polyposis 1

FAP1

An autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by adenomatous polyps of the colon and rectum, but also of upper gastrointestinal tract (ampullary, duodenal and gastric adenomas). This is a viciously premalignant disease with one or more polyps progressing through dysplasia to malignancy in untreated gene carriers with a median age at diagnosis of 40 years.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Desmoid disease, hereditary

DESMD

An autosomal dominant disease characterized by multifocal fibromatosis of the abdominal wall and mesentery. Desmoid tumors can also affect paraspinal muscles, breast, occiput, arms, and lower ribs.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Medulloblastoma

MDB

Malignant, invasive embryonal tumor of the cerebellum with a preferential manifestation in children.

None

The gene represented in this entry may be involved in disease pathogenesis.

Gastric cancer

GASC

A malignant disease which starts in the stomach, can spread to the esophagus or the small intestine, and can extend through the stomach wall to nearby lymph nodes and organs. It also can metastasize to other parts of the body. The term gastric cancer or gastric carcinoma refers to adenocarcinoma of the stomach that accounts for most of all gastric malignant tumors. Two main histologic types are recognized, diffuse type and intestinal type carcinomas. Diffuse tumors are poorly differentiated infiltrating lesions, resulting in thickening of the stomach. In contrast, intestinal tumors are usually exophytic, often ulcerating, and associated with intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, most often observed in sporadic disease.

None

The gene represented in this entry may be involved in disease pathogenesis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HCC

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. The major risk factors for HCC are chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, prolonged dietary aflatoxin exposure, alcoholic cirrhosis, and cirrhosis due to other causes.

None

The gene represented in this entry may be involved in disease pathogenesis.

Gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach

GAPPS

A familial gastric polyposis syndrome characterized by autosomal dominant transmission of fundic gland polyposis with occasional hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps, sparing of the gastric antrum, and a significant risk of intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma development. Colorectal polyposis is not observed, and family history does not include colorectal cancer.

None

The gene represented in this entry may be involved in disease pathogenesis.

Post-translational modifications

Phosphorylated; phosphorylation enhances the F-actin bundling activity (PubMed:17293347). Phosphorylated by GSK3B.

Ubiquitinated, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. Ubiquitination is facilitated by Axin. Deubiquitinated by ZRANB1/TRABID.

Sequence Similarities

Belongs to the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) family.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in a variety of tissues: brain, small intestine, colon, thymus, skeletal muscle, heart, prostate, lung, spleen, ovary, testis kidney, placenta, blood and liver (PubMed:21643010, PubMed:27217144). Isoform 1A: Very strongly expressed in brain but has relatively low expression levels in other tissues (PubMed:19527921, PubMed:21643010, PubMed:27217144). Isoform 1B: Predominant form in all tissues except for brain, including gastric mucosa and blood (PubMed:19527921, PubMed:21643010, PubMed:27217144).

Cellular localization

Alternative names

DP2.5, APC, Adenomatous polyposis coli protein, Protein APC, Deleted in polyposis 2.5

swissprot:P25054 omim:611731 entrezGene:324

Other research areas