APLN
GeneName
APLN
Summary
APLN, also known as apelin or hAPLN, is a 9 kDa peptide hormone that is predominantly secreted into the extracellular space. It plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including angiogenesis and the regulation of blood pressure. APLN exerts its effects primarily through binding to the apelin receptor, influencing cardiovascular functions, such as heart contraction and coronary vasculature development. Additionally, it is involved in the immune response, drinking behaviour, and lactation, highlighting its diverse biological roles.
Importance
APLN is relevant to: - Cardiovascular health and disease due to its role in regulating blood pressure and heart function - Angiogenesis, which is crucial for tissue repair and growth - Metabolic disorders, as it is implicated in energy homeostasis and appetite regulation - Developmental processes such as gastrulation, affecting embryonic development and organogenesis
Top Products
For researchers investigating APLN, we recommend two primary antibodies that cater to different experimental needs. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-Apelin antibody (ab59469), which has garnered 22 citations, highlighting its reliability in immunohistochemistry (IHC). This antibody is a trusted choice for those looking to study APLN in tissue samples. Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-Apelin antibody [EPNCIR154] (ab133624), which is suitable for ELISA applications. While it may not have citations yet, its recombinant nature ensures batch-to-batch consistency, making it an excellent option for researchers requiring dependable results in their assays.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that the APLN antibody (ab59469) has been effectively used in Western blotting to study APLN expression in various contexts related to human lung adenocarcinoma. The studies focus on the effects of miR-195 and include both cancerous and adjacent healthy lung tissues, highlighting the relevance of APLN in lung cancer research.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APLNR) (PubMed:10525157). Drives internalization of the apelin receptor (By similarity). Apelin-36 dissociates more hardly than (pyroglu)apelin-13 from APLNR (By similarity). Hormone involved in the regulation of cardiac precursor cell movements during gastrulation and heart morphogenesis (By similarity). Has an inhibitory effect on cytokine production in response to T-cell receptor/CD3 cross-linking; the oral intake of apelin in the colostrum and the milk might therefore modulate immune responses in neonates (By similarity). Plays a role in early coronary blood vessels formation (By similarity). Mediates myocardial contractility in an ERK1/2-dependent manner (By similarity). May also have a role in the central control of body fluid homeostasis by influencing vasopressin release and drinking behavior (By similarity).
(Microbial infection) Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APLNR), an alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection (PubMed:11090199). Inhibits HIV-1 entry in cells coexpressing CD4 and APLNR (PubMed:11090199). Apelin-36 has a greater inhibitory activity on HIV infection than other synthetic apelin derivatives (PubMed:11090199).
Post-translational modifications
Several active peptides may be produced by proteolytic processing of the peptide precursor.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the apelin family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in the brain with highest levels in the frontal cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain (PubMed:10617103). Secreted by the mammary gland into the colostrum and the milk.
Cellular localization
- Secreted
- Secreted
- Extracellular space
- Abundantly secreted in the colostrum. Lower level in milk. Decreases rapidly within several days after parturition in milk, but is still detectable even in commercial milk.
Alternative names
APEL, APLN, Apelin, APJ endogenous ligand